Validation of the Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-10), a short version of BDS-22, to assess psychological distress among the Lebanese population
Diana Malaeb
School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorYoussef Farchakh
Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorChadia Haddad
Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Tropical Epidemiology and Neurology, GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
Search for more papers by this authorHala Sacre
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorSahar Obeid
Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Souheil Hallit
Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Correspondence Souheil Hallit, Bldg 560, St 8, 1st floor, Biakout, Beirut, Lebanon.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPascale Salameh
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
Search for more papers by this authorDiana Malaeb
School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorYoussef Farchakh
Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorChadia Haddad
Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Tropical Epidemiology and Neurology, GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
Search for more papers by this authorHala Sacre
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorSahar Obeid
Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Souheil Hallit
Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Correspondence Souheil Hallit, Bldg 560, St 8, 1st floor, Biakout, Beirut, Lebanon.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPascale Salameh
INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
Search for more papers by this authorDiana Malaeb, Youssef Farchakh, and Chadia Haddad contributed equally to the manuscript.
Souheil Hallit and Pascale Salameh share senior authorship.
Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a short version of the Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-22), the BDS-10, in the Lebanese population, and evaluate the association between psychological distress and other mental disorders.
Methods
A total of 2260 participants was enrolled in this cross-sectional study (January–July 2019).
Results
Items converged over a solution of two factors (Factor 1 = Mood, affect and cognitive symptoms; Factor 2 = Physical symptoms; total variance explained = 64.51%). A significantly high correlation was found between BDS-10 and BDS-22 (r = 0.963, p < 0.001). Higher depression, anxiety, and insomnia were significantly associated with higher stress (higher BDS-10 and BDS-22 scores).
Practice implications
This new short tool is valid and reliable to screen for psychological distress, influencing mood and affect, and physical and cognitive functions.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
There is no public access to all data generated or analyzed during this study. The data set that supports the conclusions is available to the corresponding author upon request. There is no public access to all data generated or analyzed during this study to preserve the privacy of the identities of the individuals. The data set that supports the conclusions is available to the corresponding author upon request.
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