Evaluation of activity and toxicity of combining clioquinol with ciclopirox and terbinafine in alternative models of dermatophytosis
Corresponding Author
Bárbara da Costa
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Correspondence
Bárbara da Costa, Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Pharmacy, Annex II, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, São Luís, 154, Santana, 90620-170 Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorBruna Pippi
Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Jacobus Berlitz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Methodology (equal), Visualization (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAnderson Ramos Carvalho
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Methodology (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMario Lettieri Teixeira
Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorSaulo F. Andrade
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bárbara da Costa
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Correspondence
Bárbara da Costa, Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Pharmacy, Annex II, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, São Luís, 154, Santana, 90620-170 Porto Alegre – RS, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorBruna Pippi
Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Jacobus Berlitz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Methodology (equal), Visualization (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAnderson Ramos Carvalho
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Methodology (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMario Lettieri Teixeira
Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorSaulo F. Andrade
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection that affects humans and is very common in small animals. The treatment using the most commonly used antifungals is failing, and new therapeutic alternatives are required to combat the resistance of these fungal infections. Previous studies by the group have shown that clioquinol is an important therapeutic alternative in the treatment of dermatophytosis. The object was to conduct studies of antidermatophytic activity and the irritant potential from the double and triple combinations of clioquinol, terbinafine and ciclopirox in ex vivo and in vivo alternative models. To evaluate the irritant potential of antifungal combinations, the alternative HET-CAM method (chicken egg test chorioallantoic membrane) was used. Ex vivo models were used to assess the effectiveness of antifungal combinations, using pig hooves and veterinary fur. Any possible tissue damage was to assess through in histopathology of swine ears. HET-CAM results showed that all combinations can be classified as non-irritating, corroborated by the results of the histopathological evaluation of the pig's ear skin. Only the double combinations managed to remove 100% of the colony-forming units (CFU) formed on the pig's hooves. The clioquinol + terbinafine combination and the triple combination were more effective than clioquinol + ciclopirox in eradicating the preformed biofilm in fur of veterinary origin. These results show the potential of formulations of clioquinol in combination with antifungals for use in humans and in the veterinary field to combat dermatophytosis, as an important alternative therapy, for use in the near future.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No conflict of interest declared.
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