Evolutionary characteristics and immune mutation of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b among intravenous drug users in mainland, China
Sheng Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorHuangbo Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorHong Fan
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorYiyun Xu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhenqiu Liu
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorXuefu Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorMingshan Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorXin Zhang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Shi
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tiejun Zhang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Yiwu, China
Correspondence
Tiejun Zhang, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSheng Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorHuangbo Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorHong Fan
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorYiyun Xu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhenqiu Liu
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorXuefu Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorMingshan Wu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorXin Zhang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Shi
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tiejun Zhang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Yiwu, China
Correspondence
Tiejun Zhang, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This study was supported by the Special Foundation for Science and Technology Basic Research Program (2019FY101103), the Natural Science Foundation of China (81772170) and by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0211704).
Abstract
China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, especially subtype 1b. To better control hepatitis C, insights into the characteristics of dynamic spread and genomic mutations are urgently needed. We retrieved sequences of HCV-1b NS5B among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and general people (Non-IDUs) in China from 2000 to 2011 in NCBI. Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were used to evaluate the transmission dynamics of HCV-1b. Non-synonymous substitutions were detected to illustrate immune adaptation. Evolutionary history demonstrated that HCV-1b effective population size experienced a sharp increase in 1990. HCV-1b sequences among IDUs had a higher estimated evolutionary rate (5.7185 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year) than overall (7.7332 × 10−4). 105/136 (77.2%) of HCV-1b sequences clustered into 38 networks. The average non-synonymous HCV-1b immune epitopes among IDUs were 0.211, higher than non-IDUs, especially in the HLA-A*02 molecular recognition region. All of these posed significant challenges for the prevention and treatment of HCV. Heterogeneity and genetic linkages of HCV-1b suggest that evolutionary surveillance of HCV in cities in east-central China and among IDUs could not be neglected.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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