Sleep disturbance as a precursor to anxiety, depression, and PTSD among rural Kenyans: A cross-lagged panel analysis from a rural Kenyan interventional cohort
Corresponding Author
Michael L. Goodman
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
Correspondence
Michael L. Goodman, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Writing - original draft, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMiryoung Lee
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Springer
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorVanessa Schick
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorElizabeth Vaughan
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorChristine Markham
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorStanley Gitari
Sodzo Kenya, Maua, Meru, KE
Contribution: Supervision, Project administration, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorFridah Mukiri
Sodzo Kenya, Maua, Meru, KE
Contribution: Data curation, Supervision, Investigation, Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Michael L. Goodman
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
Correspondence
Michael L. Goodman, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Writing - original draft, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMiryoung Lee
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Methodology, Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Springer
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorVanessa Schick
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorElizabeth Vaughan
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorChristine Markham
University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, TX, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorStanley Gitari
Sodzo Kenya, Maua, Meru, KE
Contribution: Supervision, Project administration, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorFridah Mukiri
Sodzo Kenya, Maua, Meru, KE
Contribution: Data curation, Supervision, Investigation, Conceptualization
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Sleep quality is essential to biopsychosocial functioning, yet there remains limited longitudinal research on sleep and mental or social well-being within low- or middle-income countries. This study utilised longitudinal cohort data from a community-based empowerment programme in Meru County, Kenya to assess cross-lagged correlations between sleep disturbance, social support, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Participants (n = 373; 92% women; age range 18–86 years) who reported more sleep disturbance at T1 reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, and significantly less social support at T2 (average 11 weeks later), controlling for all within-time correlations across measures, within-measure correlations across time, and sociodemographic background characteristics. The findings are consistent with research across high-income countries, underscoring the need for more contextualised research into sleep behaviours across low- and middle-income countries. The findings may inform interventions to increase mental and social well-being within Kenya.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
Authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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