Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Jiamei Li
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXuting Jin
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiajia Ren
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorRuohan Li
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorLinyun Du
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorYa Gao
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorJingjing Zhang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXiu Liu
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaochuang Wang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gang Wang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Correspondence
Dr. Gang Wang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi 5 Lu, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJiamei Li
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXuting Jin
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiajia Ren
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorRuohan Li
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorLinyun Du
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorYa Gao
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorJingjing Zhang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXiu Liu
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaochuang Wang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gang Wang
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Correspondence
Dr. Gang Wang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi 5 Lu, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJiamei Li and Xuting Jin contributed equally to this work.
Declaration of conflict of interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
Financial support: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770057).
Abstract
Background and Aim
Gallbladder and biliary diseases (GBDs) are one of the most prevalent medical issues in the digestive system. This study was designed to describe the characteristics of prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBDs during 1990–2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.
Methods
Prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. Countries and territories were categorized according to socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles.
Results
The prevalence cases (127 345 732 to 193 493 378), death cases (82 430 to 124 941), and DALYs (4 604 821 to 6 352 738) of GBDs increased from 1990 to 2019. However, the age-standardized rates of indicators decreased over the 30-year period (prevalence, 2851.84 to 2350.78 per 100 000 population; death, 2.40 to 1.65 per 100 000 population; DALYs, 106.76 to 78.25 per 100 000 population). In 2019, the high and middle–high SDI regions had higher age-standardized prevalence rates, the low SDI region had the highest age-standardized death rate, and the middle SDI region had the highest DALYs and age-standardized DALYs rate of GBDs. Being female, older age, and high body mass index were important risk factors for the burden of GBDs.
Conclusions
Globally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30 years. However, the prevention of GBDs should be promoted in middle, middle–high, and high SDI regions, while more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region.
Open Research
Data availability statement
The datasets generated for this study can be found in the GBD at http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jgh15859-sup-0001-Figure S1.tifTIFF image, 12.6 MB |
Figure S1.The ASPR in 2019 (A) and percentage change of ASPR from 1990 to 2019 (B) for 21 regions in female and male. GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate. |
| jgh15859-sup-0002-Figure S2.tifTIFF image, 12.3 MB |
Figure S2.The ASDR in 2019 (A) and percentage change of ASDR from 1990 to 2019 (B) for 21 regions in female and male. GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study; ASDR, age-standardized death rate. |
| jgh15859-sup-0003-Figure S3.tifTIFF image, 12.5 MB |
Figure S3.The age-standardized DALYs rate in 2019 (A) and percentage change of age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2019 (B) for 21 regions in female and male. GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study; DALYs, disability adjusted life years. |
| jgh15859-sup-0004-Table S1.docxWord 2007 document , 16 KB |
Table S1.List of International Classification of Diseases codes about gallbladder and biliary diseases. |
| jgh15859-sup-0005-Table S2.docxWord 2007 document , 44 KB |
Table S2.The prevalence cases and age-standardized prevalence rate of gallbladder and biliary diseases in 1990 and 2019 in different socio-demographic index and 204 countries and territories. |
| jgh15859-sup-0006-Table S3.docxWord 2007 document , 38.4 KB |
Table S3.The death cases and age-standardized death rate of gallbladder and biliary diseases in 1990 and 2019 in different socio-demographic index and 204 countries and territories. |
| jgh15859-sup-0007-Table S4.docxWord 2007 document , 41.6 KB |
Table S4.The DALYs and age-standardized DALYs rate of gallbladder and biliary diseases in 1990 and 2019 in different socio-demographic index and 204 countries and territories. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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