Indications, patient selection, pre- and postoperative patient care

First we discuss different principle options of correction for corneal astigmatism, e.g. posterior chamber IOLs, phakic IOLs, and add-on IOLs. Major indication and inclusion/exclusion criteria for patients are shown and an overview on actual toric lenses with technical specifications and correction range are provided. Thereafter, we focus especially on toric intraocular lens implantation following penetrating keratoplasty. We summarize how to counsel patients about treatment options, preoperative and postoperative care and how to prepare the eye for the surgery. At the end, the postoperative care, evaluation and management of complications are discussed.