Treatment and Posttreatment Effects of Fluoride Mouthrinsing after 17 Years
Corresponding Author
Seigo Kobayashi DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hiroshi Kishi DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Akihiro Yoshihara DDS
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Kin-ichi Horii MD, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Akihito Tsutsui DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tatsuo Himeno DDS
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alice M. Horowitz PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Seigo Kobayashi DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hiroshi Kishi DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Akihiro Yoshihara DDS
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Kin-ichi Horii MD, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Akihito Tsutsui DDS, PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tatsuo Himeno DDS
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alice M. Horowitz PhD
Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.
Send correspondence and reprint/offprint requests to Dr. Kobayashi, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 2 Ban-Cho Gakkocho-Dori, Niigata 951, Japan. Internet: [email protected]. Drs. Kobayashi, Kishi, Yoshihara, and Horii are with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Tsutsui is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Himeno is with the Dental Office of Maki-Mura National Insurance Clinic, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Preliminary findings from this study were previously reported at the 3rd World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, June 14-17, 1991, Fukuoka, Japan. Dr. Horowitz is with the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesada, MD.Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objectives: This study assessed the treatment and posttreatment effects of a school-based, fluoride mouthrinse regimen. Methods: Children in a nonfluoridated community in Japan participated in a daily rinse program using a 0.05 percent NaF solution in nursery and primary schools, and a weekly rinse with 0.2 percent NaF in junior high school. Students were examined at least annually for dental caries and dental treatment was provided in a public dental clinic through the ninth grade. Incipient carious lesions with no cavitation were not restored. Results: The percent of children in grades one through nine (6–14 years of age) with caries-free permanent teeth increased from 13.4 percent in 1974 to 73.0 percent in 1991, while the mean DMFT decreased by 86 percent during this period. For 12-year-olds, mean DMFT scores declined to about one tooth per child after 1982. For adults 20 years of age, there was a 64 percent difference in DMFS between the treatment group who started the rinse regimen at 4 years of age and continued for 11 years, and the controls who lived in different districts and did not participate in a fluoride rinse regimen. Conclusions: Children who began rinsing at 4 or 5 years of age benefited the most from the program. The program was inexpensive, simple to implement and well accepted by families and teachers. The conservative treatment policy in the public clinic likely contributed to the benefits derived by participants.
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