Immediate restoration/loading of immediately placed single implants: is it an effective bimodal approach?
Momen A. Atieh,
Alan G. T. Payne,
Warwick J. Duncan,
Mary P. Cullinan,
Momen A. Atieh
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorAlan G. T. Payne
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorWarwick J. Duncan
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorMary P. Cullinan
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorMomen A. Atieh,
Alan G. T. Payne,
Warwick J. Duncan,
Mary P. Cullinan,
Momen A. Atieh
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorAlan G. T. Payne
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorWarwick J. Duncan
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorMary P. Cullinan
Oral Implantology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorCorrespondence to:
Alan G. T. Payne
Oral Implantology Research GroupSir John Walsh Research InstituteSchool of DentistryUniversity of Otago280 Great King StreetPO Box 647, DunedinNew ZealandTel.: +64 3 479 7119Fax: +64 3 479 5079e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Objective: To compare systematically the survival and radiographic marginal bone level changes of two immediate implant protocols in the aesthetic region; immediate single implant restoration/loading in extraction sockets (the bimodal approach) compared with the same in healed sites.
Material and methods: A literature search of electronic databases, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, National Research Register, conference proceedings and abstracts was performed without language restriction up to 1 August 2008. Hand searching included several dental journals and authors were contacted for missing information. Controlled trials that compared immediate restoration/loading of single implants placed in extraction sites with those placed in healed sites were selected. The meta-analysis was prepared according to the guidelines of the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses statement. The data were analysed using RevMan version 5.0 software. A fixed effects model was chosen with standardized mean differences for continuous data, and risk ratios for dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Ten studies with 629 implants were included. Immediate single implant restoration/loading in extraction sockets in the aesthetic zone was associated with significantly higher risk of implant failure (risk ratio of 3.62, 95% confidence interval 1.15–11.45, P=0.03). However, the bimodal approach showed favourable marginal bone changes after 1 year.
Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis supported the potential advantages offered by this bimodal approach, but indicated a higher risk when compared with immediate restoration/loading in healed ridges. Further long-term, well-conducted, randomized-controlled studies are needed to confirm the validity of this treatment option.
References
- Albrektsson, T. & Zarb, G.A. (1993) Current interpretation of the osseointegrated response: clinical significance. International Journal of Prosthodontics 6: 95–105.
- Albrektsson, T. & Zarb, G.A. (1998) Determinants of correct clinical reporting. International Journal of Prosthodontics 11: 517–521.
- Albrektsson, T., Zarb, G.A., Worthington, P. & Eriksson, R.A. (1986) The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 1: 11–25.
- Aparicio, C., Rangert, B. & Sennerby, L. (2003) Immediate/early loading of dental implants: a report from the Sociedad Española de Implantes World Congress consensus meeting in Barcelona, Spain, 2002. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 5: 57–60.
- Barone, A., Rispoli, L., Vozza, I., Quaranta, A. & Covani, U. (2006) Immediate restoration of single implants placed immediately after tooth extraction. Journal of Periodontology 77: 1914–1920.
- Becker, W., Becker, B.E., Handelsmann, M., Ochsenbein, C. & Albrektsson, T. (1991) Guided tissue regeneration for implants placed into extraction sockets: a study in dogs. Journal of Periodontology 62: 703–709.
- Becker, W. & Goldstein, M. (2008) Immediate implant placement: treatment planning and surgical steps for successful outcomes. Periodontology 2000 47: 79–89.
- Botticelli, D., Berglundh, T. & Lindhe, J. (2004) Hard-tissue alterations following immediate implant placement in extraction sites. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31: 820–828.
- Brånemark, P.I., Hansson, B.O., Adell, R., Breine, U., Landström, J., Hallén, O. & Ohman, A. (1977) Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaws. Experience from a 10-year period. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 16 (Suppl.): 1–132.
- Buser, D., Bornstein, M.M., Weber, H.P., Grütter, L., Schmid, B. & Belser, U.C. (2008) Early implant placement with simultaneous GBR following single tooth extraction in the esthetic zone: a cross-sectional, retrospective study in 45 patients with a 2–4 year follow-up. Journal of Periodontology 79: 1773–1781.
- Buser, D., Mericske-Stern, R., Bernard, J.P., Behneke, A., Behneke, N., Hirt, H.P., Belser, U.C. & Lang, N.P. (1997) Long-term evaluation of non-submerged ITI implants: part I: 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 8: 161–172.
- Canullo, L. & Rasperini, G. (2007) Preservation of peri-implant hard and soft tissues using platform switching of implants placed in immediate extraction sockets: a proof-of-concept study with 12- to 36- month follow-up. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22: 995–1000.
- Chaushu, G., Chaushu, S., Tzohar, A. & Dayan, D. (2001) Immediate loading of single-tooth implants: immediate versus non-immediate implantation. A clinical report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 16: 267–272.
- Chen, S.T., Darby, I.B., Adams, G.G. & Reynolds, E.C. (2005) A prospective clinical study of bone augmentation techniques at immediate implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 16: 176–184.
- Chen, S.T., Wilson Jr, T.G. & Hämmerle, C.H. (2004) Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction: review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 12–25.
- Cochran, D.L., Morton, D. & Weber, H.P. (2004) Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding loading protocols for endosseous dental implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 109–113.
- Cooper, L.F., Rahman, A., Moriarty, J., Chaffee, N. & Sacco, D. (2002) Immediate mandibular rehabilitation with endosseous implants: simultaneous extraction, implant placement, and loading. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 17: 517–525.
- Cooper, L.F., Reside, G., Raes, F., De Bruyn, H., Soliva, J. & Alfaro, H. (2008) Immediate implant loading in healed ridges versus extraction sockets. Journal of Dental Research 87 (Spec issue B): 2970 (http://www.dentalresearch.org).
- Cornelini, R., Cangini, F., Covani, U. & Wilson Jr, T.G. (2005) Immediate restoration of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets for single-tooth replacement: a prospective clinical study. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 25: 439–447.
- Covani, U., Cornelini, R. & Barone, A. (2003) Bucco-lingual bone remodelling around implants placed into immediate extraction sockets: a case series. Journal of Periodontology 74: 268–273.
- Crespi, R., Capparè, P., Gherlone, E. & Romanos, G.E. (2007) Immediate occlusal loading of implants placed in fresh sockets after tooth extraction. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22: 955–962.
- Dahlin, C., Linde, A., Gottlow, J. & Nyman, S. (1988) Healing of bone defects by guided tissue regeneration. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery 81: 672–676.
- Degidi, M. & Piattelli, A. (2003) Immediate functional and non-functional loading of dental implants: a 2- to 60-month follow-up study of 646 titanium implants. Journal of Periodontology 74: 225–241.
- Degidi, M. & Piattelli, A. (2005) 7-year follow-up of 93 immediately loaded titanium dental implants. Journal of Oral Implantology 31: 25–31.
- Degidi, M., Piattelli, A. & Carinci, F. (2007) Immediate loaded dental implants: comparison between fixtures inserted in postextractive and healed bone sites. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 18: 965–971.
- Degidi, M., Piattelli, A., Gehrke, P., Felice, P. & Carinci, F. (2006) Five-year outcome of 111 immediate nonfunctional single restorations. Journal of Oral Implantology 32: 277–285.
- De Rouck, T., Collys, K. & Cosyn, J. (2008) Immediate single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla: a 1-year case cohort study on hard and soft tissue response. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35: 649–657.
- Drago, C.J. & Lazzara, R.J. (2004) Immediate provisional restoration of Osseotite implants: a clinical report of 18-month results. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 534–541.
- Egger, M. (2001) Problems and limitations in conducting systematic reviews. In: M. Egger, ed. Systematic Reviews in Health Care, 43–68. London: BMJ Books.
- Esposito, M., Grusovin, M.G., Talati, M., Coulthard, P., Oliver, R. & Worthington, H.V. (2008) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 3, Art. no.: CD004152. doi: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004152.pub2.
- Esposito, M.A., Koukoulopoulou, A., Coulthard, P. & Worthington, H.V. (2006) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in fresh extraction sockets (immediate, immediate-delayed and delayed implants). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 4, Art. no.: CD005968. doi: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005968.pub2.
- Finne, K., Rompen, E. & Toljanic, J. (2007) Prospective multicenter study of marginal bone level and soft tissue health of a one-piece implant after two years. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 97 (6 Suppl.): S79–S85.
- Garber, D.A., Salama, M.A. & Salama, H. (2001) Immediate total tooth replacement. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry 22: 210–216, 218.
- Glauser, R., Lundgren, A.K., Gottlow, J., Sennerby, L., Portmann, M., Ruhstaller, P. & Hämmerle, C.H. (2003) Immediate occlusal loading of Brånemark TiUnite Implants placed predominantly in soft bone: 1-year results of a prospective clinical study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 5 (Suppl. 1): 47–56.
- Groisman, M., Frossard, W.M., Ferreira, H.M., De Menezes Filho, L.M. & Touati, B. (2003) Single-tooth implants in the maxillary incisor region with immediate provisionalization: 2-year prospective study. Practical Procedures and Aesthetic Dentistry 15: 115–122.
- Guirado, J.L.C., Yuguero, M.R.S., Zamora, G.P. & Barrio, E.M. (2007) Immediate provisionalization on a new implant design for esthetic restoration and preserving crestal bone. Implant Dentistry 16: 155–164.
- Hall, J.A., Payne, A.G., Purton, D.G., Torr, B., Duncan, W.J. & De Silva, R.K. (2007) Immediately restored, single-tapered implants in the anterior maxilla: prosthodontic and aesthetic outcomes after 1 year. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 9: 34–45.
- Hämmerle, C.H., Chen, S.T. & Wilson Jr, T.G. (2004) Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 26–28.
-
Hardy, R.J. &
Thompson, S.G. (1998) Detecting and describing heterogeneity in meta-analysis.
Statistics in Medicine
17: 841–856.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<841::AID-SIM781>3.0.CO;2-D CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Henry, P.J., Laney, W.R., Jemt, T., Harris, D., Krogh, P.H., Polizzi, G., Zarb, G.A. & Herrmann, I. (1996) Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement: a prospective 5-year multicenter study. International Journal Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 11: 450–455.
- Higgins, J.P. & Thompson, S.G. (2002) Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine 21: 1539–1558.
- Hui, E., Chow, J., Li, D., Liu, J., Wat, P. & Law, H. (2001) Immediate provisional for single-tooth implant replacement with Brånemark system: preliminary report. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 3: 79–86.
- Jadad, A.R., Moore, R.A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D.J., Gavaghan, D.J. & McQuay, H.J. (1996) Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials 17: 1–12.
- Jaffin, R., Kolesar, M., Kumar, A., Ishikawa, S. & Fiorellini, J. (2007) The radiographic bone loss pattern adjacent to immediately placed, immediately loaded implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22: 187–194.
- Jo, H.Y., Hobo, P.K. & Hobo, S. (2001) Freestanding and multiunit immediate loading of the expandable implant: an up-to-40 month prospective survival study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 85: 148–155.
- Kan, J.Y., Rungcharassaeng, K., Liddelow, G., Henry, P. & Goodacre, C.J. (2007) Periimplant tissue response following immediate provisional restoration of scalloped implants in the esthetic zone: a one-year pilot prospective multicenter study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 97 (6 Suppl.): S109–S118.
- Kan, J.Y., Rungcharassaeng, K. & Lozada, J. (2003) Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 18: 31–39.
- Kashani, H., Dahlin, C. & Alse'n, B. (2005) Influence of different prophylactic antibiotic regimens on implant survival rate: a retrospective clinical study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 7: 32–35.
- Lau, J., Ioannidis, J.P. & Schmid, C.H. (1997) Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews. Annals of Internal Medicine 127: 820–826.
- Lazzara, R.J. (1989) Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 9: 332–343.
- Lindeboom, J.A., Frenken, J.W., Dubois, L., Frank, M., Abbink, I. & Kroon, F.H. (2006) Immediate loading versus immediate provisionalization of maxillary single-tooth replacements: a prospective randomized study with biocomp implants. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 64: 936–942.
- Locante, W.M. (2004) Single-tooth replacements in the esthetic zone with an immediate function implant: a preliminary report. Journal of Oral Implantology 30: 369–375.
-
Maló, P.,
Friberg, B.,
Polizzi, G.,
Gualini, F.,
Vighagen, T. &
Rangert, B. (2003) Immediate and early function of Brånemark System implants placed in the esthetic zone: a 1-year prospective clinical multicenter study.
Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research
5
(Suppl. 1): 37–46.
10.1111/j.1708-8208.2003.tb00014.x Google Scholar
- Mayfield, L. (1999) Immediate, delayed and late submerged and transmucosal implants. In: N.B. Lang, T. Karring & J. Lindhe, eds. Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology: Implant Dentistry, 520–534. Ittingen: Quintessence.
-
Miller, S.A. &
Forrest, J.L. (2001) Enhancing your practice through evidence-based decision making: PICO, learning how to ask good questions.
Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice
1: 136–141.
10.1016/S1532-3382(01)70024-3 Google Scholar
- Misch, C.E. (1990) Density of bone: effect on treatment plans, surgical approach, healing and progressive bone loading. International Journal of Oral Implantology 6: 23–31.
- Moher, D., Cook, D.J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D. & Stroup, D.F. (1999) Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of reporting of meta-analyses. Lancet 354: 1896–1900.
- Noelken, R., Morbach, T., Kunkel, M. & Wagner, W. (2007) Immediate function with NobelPerfect implants in the anterior dental arch. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 27: 277–285.
- Norton, M.R. (2004) A short-term clinical evaluation of immediately restored maxillary TiOblast single-tooth implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 274–281.
- Oxby, G., Lindqvist, J. & Nilsson, P. (2006) Early loading of Astra Tech OsseoSpeed implants placed in thin alveolar ridges and fresh extraction sockets. Applied Osseointegration Research 5: 68–72.
- Paolantonio, M., Dolci, M., Scarano, A., D'Archivio, D., Di Placido, G., Tumini, V. & Piattelli, A. (2001) Immediate implantation in fresh extraction sockets. A controlled clinical and histological study in man. Journal of Periodontology 72: 1560–1571.
- Polizzi, G., Grunder, U., Goené, R., Hatano, N., Henry, P., Jackson, W.J., Kawamura, K., Renouard, F., Rosenberg, R., Triplett, G., Werbitt, M. & Lithner, B. (2000) Immediate and delayed implant placement into extraction sockets: a 5-year report. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 2: 93–99.
- Priest, G. (1999) Single-tooth implants and their role in preserving remaining teeth: a 10-year survival study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 14: 181–188.
- Quirynen, M., Van Assche, N., Botticelli, D. & Berglundh, T. (2007) How does the timing of implant placement to extraction affect outcome? International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22 (Suppl.): 203–223.
- Ribeiro, F.S., Pontes, A.E., Marcantonio, E., Piattelli, A., Neto, R.J. & Marcantonio Jr, E. (2008) Success rate of immediate nonfunctional loaded single-tooth implants: immediate versus delayed implantation. Implant Dentistry 17: 109–117.
- Romeo, E., Lops, D., Rossi, A., Storelli, S., Rozza, R. & Chiapasco, M. (2008) Surgical and prosthetic management of interproximal region with single-implant restorations: 1-year prospective study. Journal of Periodontology 79: 1048–1055.
- Rompen, E., Raepsaet, N., Domken, O., Touati, B. & Van Dooren, E. (2007) Soft tissue stability at the facial aspect of gingivally converging abutments in the esthetic zone: a pilot clinical study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 97 (6 Suppl.): S119–S125.
- Scheller, H., Urgell, J.P., Kultje, C., Klineberg, I., Goldberg, P.V., Stevenson-Moore, P., Alonso, J.M., Schaller, M., Corria, R.M., Engquist, B., Toreskog, S., Kastenbaum, F. & Smith, C.R. (1998) A 5-year multicenter study on implant-supported single crown restorations. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 13: 212–218.
- Schroëder, A., Pohler, O. & Sutter, F. (1976) Tissue reaction to an implant of a titanium hollow cylinder with a titanium surface spray layer. SSO Schweizerische Monatsschrift für Zahnkeilkunde 86: 713–727.
- Schroëder, A., Van Der Zypen, E., Stich, H. & Sutter, F. (1981) The reactions of bone, connective tissue, and epithelium to endosteal implants with titanium-sprayed surfaces. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 9: 15–25.
- Schropp, L., Isidor, F., Kostopoulos, L. & Wenzel, A. (2004) Patient experience of, and satisfaction with, delayed-immediate vs. delayed single-tooth implant placement. Clinical Oral Implants Research 15: 498–503.
- Schulte, W. & Heimke, G. (1976) The Tübinger immediate implant. Quintessenz 27: 17–23.
- Schwartz, A.B. & Larson, E.L. (2007) Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications after tooth extraction and implant placement: a review of literature. Journal of Dentistry 35: 881–888.
- Schwartz-Arad, D., Laviv, A. & Levin, L. (2007) Survival of immediately provisionalized dental implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets. Journal of Periodontology 78: 219–223.
- Sterne, J.A. & Egger, M. (2001) Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54: 1046–1055.
- Tsirlis, A.T. (2005) Clinical evaluation of immediate loaded upper anterior single implants. Implant Dentistry 14: 94–103.
- Turkyilmaz, I., Avci, M., Kuran, S. & Ozbek, E.N. (2007) A 4-year prospective clinical and radiological study of maxillary dental implants supporting single-tooth crowns using early and delayed loading protocols. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 9: 222–227.
- Van Steenberghe, D. (1997) Outcomes and their measurement in clinical trials of endosseous oral implants. Annals of Periodontology 2: 291–298.
- Van Steenberghe, D., Callens, A., Geers, L. & Jacobs, R. (2000) The clinical use of deproteinized bovine bone material on bone regeneration in conjunction with immediate implant installation. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11: 210–216.
- Villa, R. & Rangert, B. (2007) Immediate and early function of implants placed in extraction sockets of maxillary infected teeth: a pilot study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 97 (6 Suppl.): S96–S108.
- Wang, H.L., Ormianer, Z., Palti, A., Perel, M.L., Trisi, P. & Sammartino, G. (2006) Consensus conference on immediate loading: the single tooth and partial edentulous areas. Implant Dentistry 15: 324–333.
- Wennström, J.L., Ekestubbe, A., Gröndahl, K., Karlsson, S. & Lindhe, J. (2005) Implant-supported single-tooth restorations: a 5-year prospective study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32: 567–574.
- Werbitt, M.J. & Goldberg, P.V. (1992) The immediate implant: bone preservation and bone regeneration. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 12: 206–217.
- West, J.D. & Oates, T.W. (2007) Identification of stability changes for immediately placed dental implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22: 623–630.
- Wilson, T.G. & Weber, H.P. (1993) Classification of and therapy for areas of deficient bony housing prior to dental implant placement. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 13: 451–459.
- Wöhrle, P.S. (1998) Single-tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone with immediate provisionalization: fourteen consecutive case reports. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry 10: 1107–1114.
Citing Literature
