Full Access
STUDIES ON THE ARTERIES OF THE BRAIN
III. Circle of Willis: Morphologic Features
Augusto Gentil Baptista,
Corresponding Author
Augusto Gentil Baptista
Department of Internal Medicine and Núcleo de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, Medical School of the University of Bahia, Brazil.
Augusto Gentil Baptista, M. D., Núcleo de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.Search for more papers by this authorAugusto Gentil Baptista,
Corresponding Author
Augusto Gentil Baptista
Department of Internal Medicine and Núcleo de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, Medical School of the University of Bahia, Brazil.
Augusto Gentil Baptista, M. D., Núcleo de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.Search for more papers by this author
References
- Alpers, B. J., R. G. Berry & R. M. Paddison (1959): Anatomical studies of the circle of Willis in normal brain. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.), 81, 409–418.
-
Bakar, A. B.,
E. Dahl &
B. Sandler (1963): Cerebrovascular disease: etiologic factors in cerebral infarction.
Neurology (Minneap.), 13, 445–454.
10.1212/WNL.13.6.445 Google Scholar
- Baptista, A. G. (1963): Studies on the arteries of the brain. II. The anterior cerebral artery: some anatomic features and their clinical implications. Neurology (Minneap.), 13, 825–835.
- Baptista, A. G. (a): Studies on the arteries of the brain. IV. Circle of Willis: functional significance (in preparation).
- Baptista, A. G. (b): Studies on the arteries of the brain. V. Some unusual anomalies of the basal brain arteries (in preparation).
- Baptista, A. G. (c): Studies on the arteries of the brain. VI. A theory to explain the left cerebral dominance (in preparation).
- Berry, R. G. (1961): Discussion of “Collateral circulation of the brain”. Neurology (Minneap.), 11 (no. 4, part 2), 20–22.
- Blackburn, I. W. (1907): Anomalies of the encephalic arteries among the insane. J. comp. Neurol. Psychiat., 17, 493–517.
- Blumenthal. H. T., F. P. Handler & J. O. Blache (1954): The histogenesis of arteriosclerosis of the larger cerebral arteries, with an analysis of the importance of mechanical factors. Amer. J. Med., 17, 337–347.
- Curry, R. W., & G. G. Culbreth (1951): The normal cerebral angiogram. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 65, 345–373.
- de Vriese, B. (190405): Sur la signification morphologique des artères cérébrales. Arch. Biol. (Paris), 21, 357–457.
- Fawcett, E., & J. V. Blachford (190506): The circle of Willis: an examination of 700 specimens. J. Anat. Physiol., 40, 63a–70.
- Fetterman, G. H., & T. J. Moran (1941): Anomalies of the circle of Willis in relation to cerebral softening. Arch. Path., 32, 251–257.
- Friedberg, C. K. (1956): Diseases of the heart. 2nd ed., pp. 428–429. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia .
-
Godinov, V. M. (1929): The arterial system of the brain.
Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop., 13, 359–388.
10.1002/ajpa.1330130318 Google Scholar
- Hasebe, K. (1928): Arterien der Hirnbasis. In: Anatomie der Japaner, vol. I, Das Arteriensystem der Japaner, pp. 111–134. B. Adachi, (ed.), Kyoto.
- Hasenjäger, T. (1937): Ein Beitrag zu den Abnormitaten des Circulus arteriosus Willisi. Zbl. Neurochir., 2, 34–39.
- Hassler, O. (1963): Experimental carotid ligation followed by aneurysmal formation and other morphological changes in the circle of Willis. J. Neurosurg., 20, 1–7.
- Hodes, P. J., F. Campoy, H. E. Riggs & P. Bly (1953): Cerebral angiography: fundamentals in anatomy and physiology. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 70, 61–81.
- Kameyama, M., & S. Okinaka (1963): Collateral circulation of the brain with special reference to atherosclerosis of the major cervical and cerebral arteries. Neurology (Minneap.), 13, 279–286.
- Kirgis, H. D., R. C. Llewellyn & E. McC. Peebles (1960): Functional trifurcation of the internal carotid artery and its potential clinical significance. J. Neurosurg., 17, 1062–1072.
- Klein, R. (1940): Compensatory enlargement of the posterior communicating artery following arteriosclerotic changes of the posterior cerebral artery. J. ment. Sci., 86, 1086–1091.
- Kleiss, E. (1942): Die verschiedenen Formen des Circulus arteriosus cerebralis Willisi. Anat. Anz., 92, 216–230.
- Nañagas, J. C., & D. G. Ampil (1941): Size of the cerebral arteries and condition of the arterial supply of the cerebrum in filipinos. Acta med. philipp., 2, 289–323.
- Padget, D. H. (1948): The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contr. Embryol. Carneg. Instn, 212, 205–261.
- Peele, T. L. (1956): The neuroanatomical basis for Clinical Neurology, p. 49, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York .
- Riggs, H. E., & J. O. Griffiths (1938): Anomalies of the circle of Willis in persons with nervous and mental disorders. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.), 39, 1353–1354.
-
Riggs, H. E., &
C. Rupp (1942): Miliary aneurysms: relation of anomalies of the circle of Willis to aneurysm formation.
J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol., 1, 442.
10.1097/00005072-194210000-00010 Google Scholar
-
Rubinstein, H. S. (1944): The anterior communicating artery in man.
J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol., 3, 196–198.
10.1097/00005072-194404000-00009 Google Scholar
- Saphir, O. (1935): Anomalies of the circle of Willis with resulting encephalomalacia and cerebral hemorrhage. Amer. J. Path., 11, 775–787.
-
Slany, A. (1938): Anomalien des Circulus arteriosus Willisi in ihrer Beziehung zur Aneurysmenbildung an der Hirnbasis.
Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 301, 63–71.
10.1007/BF02595071 Google Scholar
- Stopford, J. S. B. (191516): The arteries of the pons and medulla oblongata. J. Anat. Physiol., 50, 131–164.
- van der Eecken, H. (1961): Discussion of “Collateral circulation of the brain”. Neurology (Minneap.), 11 (no. 4, part 2), 16–19.
- Vidal, F. (1939): Anomalías humanas y filogenía de las arterias encefálicas basales. Arch. argent. Neurol., 20, 67–87.
- Williams, D., & T. G. Wilson (1962): The diagnosis of the major and minor syndromes of basilar insufficiency, Brain, 85, 741–774.
- Williams, D. J. (1936): The origin of the posterior cerebral artery. Brain, 59, 175–180.
- Windle, B. C. A. (1888): On the arteries forming the circle of Willis. J. Anat. Physiol., 22, 289–293.
- Wolff, H. G. (1938): The cerebral blood vessels – anatomical principles. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis., 18, 29–68.
