Foreigners Dying in Istanbul
Ibrahim Uzun M.D.
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorOsman Celbis M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorCetin Lutfi Baydar M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorNevzat Alkan M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorMurat Nihat Arslan M.D.
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorIbrahim Uzun M.D.
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorOsman Celbis M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorCetin Lutfi Baydar M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorNevzat Alkan M.D.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorMurat Nihat Arslan M.D.
Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Abstract: The study included 411 deaths selected from 14,647 medicolegal deaths autopsied in the Morgue Department of Forensic Medicine Institute Directorate, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, between 1998 and 2002. Data were collected from court documents, coroner’s investigation reports, and autopsy reports. The parameters of age, gender, nationality and origin, cause and place of death in foreigners dying in Istanbul were evaluated in the study. Out of 14,647 medicolegal deaths, 3.5% were foreigners from 34 different nationalities. The nationality with the highest rate of foreigner deaths (34%) was Romanian. Out of 411 deaths, 74.3% were male and 25.7% were female. Of all cases, 64.4% were tourists visiting Istanbul and 35.6% had a job in Istanbul. Of 146 foreigners employed in Istanbul, 94.5% did not have a work permit, while only 5.5% had a work permit.
References
- 1 T.C. Basbakanlik Devlet Istatistik Enstitusu, Olum Istatistikleri Yilligi. Death statistics by the Turkish State Statistics Institute. Available at: http://www.die.gov.tr. Accessed: Jan. 9, 2008.
- 2 Turkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birligi (TÜRSAB). Turizm Istatikleri—statistics about tourism by Turkish Traveling Agencies Union. Available at: http://www.tursab.org.tr.2008. Accessed Jan. 9, 2008.
- 3 T.C Basbakanlik Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi. Legislation information system of premiership of Turkish Republic. Available at: http://www.kanunlari.com.2008. Accessed Jan. 9, 2008.
- 4 Pondelickova J, Zvĕrina J. Sexually motivated killing of the victim. Cesk Psychiatr 1986; 82(6): 396–401.
- 5 Yan SZ, Aoike A, Kawai K, Ubukata T, Morinaga K, Oshima A. A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to life style—comparison of foreigners living in Japan and Japanese. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1990; 37(8): 603–9.
- 6 Marcopito LF. Mortality in natives and migrants. Rev Saude Publica 2003; 37(6): 707–13.
- 7 Degrate A, Testa-Mader A. Mortality in the Swiss and foreign immigrants in the Canton of Ticino Clerici N. Epidemiol Prev 1999; 23(2): 84–9.
- 8 Bouvier-Colle MH, Magescas JB, Hatton F. Cause of death and young foreigners in France. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1985; 33(6): 409–16.
- 9 Karagoz YM, Atılgan M, Timur S, Oğuz H. Medico-legal foreigner deaths in Antalya, Turkey. Proceedings of 10’tn National Days of Forensic Medicine; 2003 Oct 8-12; Antalya/Turkey. Turkey: Council of Forensic Medicine, 2003; 155–9.
- 10 Alfano A, Giannoni AM, Tramonti L, Bonanni P. Epidemiology of accidents related to sea-swimming in the Tuscany. Ann Ig 2002; 14(2): 179–84.
- 11 Shuman HA, Purcell M, Segal G, Hales L, Wiater LA. Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila: human pathogen or accidental tourist? Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1998; 225: 99–112.
- 12 Petridou E, Askitopoulou H, Vourvahakis D, Skalkidis Y. Epidemiology of road traffic accidents during pleasure traveling: the evidence from the Island of Crete. Trichopoulos D Accid Anal Prev 1997; 29(5): 687–93.
- 13 Obafunwa JO, Bulgin S, Busuttil A. Medico-legal considerations of deaths from water sports among Caribbean tourists. J Clin Forensic Med 1997; 4(2): 65–71.
- 14 Leggat PA, Leggat FW. Reported fatal and non-fatal incidents involving tourists in Thailand. Travel Med Infect Dis 2003; 1(2): 107–13.
- 15 Heggie TW. Reported fatal and non-fatal incidents involving tourists in Hawaii volcanoes national park. Travel Med Infect Dis 2005; 3(3): 123–31.
- 16 Burby RJ, Wagner F. Protecting tourists from death and injury in coastal storms. Disasters 1996; 20(1): 49–60.
- 17 Petridou E, Dessypris N, Skalkidou A, Trichopoulos D. Are traffic injuries disproportionally more common among tourists in Greece? Accid Anal Prev 1999; 31(6): 611–5.
- 18 Karagoz M, Karagoz (Demirçin) S, Atilgan M, Demircan C. Analysis of medico-legal deaths. Proceedings of 8’tn National Days of Forensic Medicine; 1995 Oct. 16–20; Antalya, Turkey. Turkey: Council of Forensic Medicine,1995; 149–53.
- 19 Aydin B, Karaaslan B, Dundar C. Evaluation of the cases undergoing examination: autopsy between 1998–2003 In Samsun. Adli Bilimler Dergisi 2005;Cilt 4 Sayi 1: 15–20.
- 20 Kucuker H. Investigation: 650 medico-legal autopsy cases performed in Zonguldak between years 1999–2003. Adli Bilimler Dergisi 2004; 3(3): 35–40.
- 21 Akar T, Yavuz Y, Senol E, Demirel B, Egilmez L. Unnatural deaths in Diyarbakir between 2000–2004. Turkiye Klinikleri Adli Tip Dergisi 2006;Cilt1 Sayi 1: 13–7.
- 22 Erel O, Katkici U, Pinarbasili D, Ozkok MS, Dirlik M. An analysis of the medico-legal postmortem examination and autopsies performed in Aydin, Turkey. J Foren Med 2005; 2: 44–7.
- 23 Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006; 3(11): 442.
- 24 Thompson DT, Ashley DV, Dockery-Brown CA, Binns A, Jolly CM, Jolly PE. Incidence of health crises in tourists visiting Jamaica. J Travel Med 2003; 10(2): 79–86.
- 25 Limsuwan A, Kanapa S, Siristonapun Y. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 1986; 69(3): 164–9.
- 26 Leggat PA, Leggat FW. Assistance provided abroad to insured travellers from Australia following the 2004 Asian Tsunami. Travel Med Infect Dis 2007; 5(1): 47–50.
- 27 Leggat PA, Harrison SL, Fenner PJ, Durrheim DN. Health advice obtained by tourists travelling to Magnetic Island: a risk area for “Irukandji” jellyfish in North Queensland, Australia. Swinbourne ALTravel Med Infect Dis 2005; 3(1): 27–31.
- 28 Durrheim DN, Leggat PAJ. Risk to tourists posed by wild mammals in South Africa. J Travel Med 1999; 6(3): 172–9.
- 29 Nordberg E. Injuries as a public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. East Afr Med J 2000; 12(Suppl): 1–43.
- 30 Zamir D, Zamir C, Storch S, Litmanovich M, Weiner P. Acute malaria in an Israeli tourist to Kenya. Harefuah 1999; 136(7): 545–6.
- 31 Leggat PA, Leggat FW. Emergency assistance provided abroad to insured travellers from Australia following the Bali bombing. Travel Med Infect Dis 2004; 2(1): 41–5.
Citing Literature
