Advantages and Pitfalls of Combining Device-Based and Pharmacologic Therapies for the Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias:
Observations from a Tertiary Referral Center
YADAVENDRA S. RAJAWAT
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorVICKAS V. PATEL
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorEDWARD P. GERSTENFELD
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorHEMAL NAYAK
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorFRANCIS E. MARCHLINSKI
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorYADAVENDRA S. RAJAWAT
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorVICKAS V. PATEL
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorEDWARD P. GERSTENFELD
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorHEMAL NAYAK
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this authorFRANCIS E. MARCHLINSKI
Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Search for more papers by this author
References
- 1 Shah B, Russo A, Kuntz C, et al. Changing patterns in antiarrhythmic drug use in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients over the last decade. (Abstract). PACE 2001; 24: 649.
- 2 Manz, M, Jung, W, Luderitz B. Interaction between drugs and devices: Experimental and clinical studies. Am Heart J 1994; 127: 978–984.DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(94)90076-0
- 3 Greene HL. Interaction between pharmacological and non-pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78 (Suppl 4A): 61–66.DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00454-7
- 4 Steinberg JS, Martins J, Sadanandan S, et al and the AVID investigators. Antiarrhythmic drug use in the implantable defibrillator arm of the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) study. Am Heart J 2001; 142: 520–529.DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.117129
- 5 Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. For the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial II investigators. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 877–883.DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa013474
- 6 Kelly P, Cannom D, Garan H, et al. The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: Efficacy, complications and survival in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11: 1278–1286.
- 7 Thomas A, Moser S, Smutka M, et al. Implantable defibrillation: Eight years clinical experience. PACE 1988; 11: 2053–2058.
- 8 Johnson N, Marchlinski F. The need to enhance diagnostic specificity to avoid device response to supraventricular rhythms and the risk of induced ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 1418–1425.
- 9 Mazur A, Anderson ME, Bonney S, et al. Pause-dependent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia during long–term treatment with dofetilide. A placebo-controlled, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-based evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1100–1105.DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01106-8
- 10 Gradaus R, Block M, Brachmann J, et al. Mortality, morbidity and complications in 3344 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Result from the Germany ICD registry EURID. PACE 2003; 26: 1511–1518.
- 11 Zado E, Deely M, Jumper C, et al. Symptoms after ICD discharge: Correlation to symptoms before discharge and number of shocks. (Abstract) PACE 1999; 22: 152.
- 12 Dougherty CM. Psychological reactions and family adjustment in shock versus no shock groups after implantation of internal cardioverter defibrillator. Heart Lung 1995; 24: 281–291.
- 13 Dunbar S, Zhang Z, Smith P. Quality of life outcomes for ventricular arrhythmia patients: The PRIDE Study. Circulation. 2001; 104 (Suppl II): 3618.
- 14 Schron EB, Exner DV, Yao Q, et al. Quality of life in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial. Impact of therapy and influence of adverse symptoms and defibrillator shocks. Circulation 2002; 105: 589–594.
- 15 Heller S, Ormont M, Lidagoster L, et al. Psychosocial outcome after ICD implantation: A current perspective. PACE 1998; 21: 1207–1215.
- 16 Herbst J, Goodman M, Feldstein S, et al. Health-related quality-of-life assessment of patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. PACE 1999; 22: 915–926.
- 17 Credner SC, Klingenheben T, Mauss O, et al. Electrical storm in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Incidence, management and prognostic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1909–1915.
- 18 Exner DV, Pinski SL, Wyse G, et al. Electrical storm presages nonsudden death. The antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. Circulation 2001; 103: 2066–2071.
- 19 Kowey P, Levine J, Herre J, et al. Randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous amiodarone and bretylium in the treatment of patients with recurrent, hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Circulation 1995; 92: 3255–3263.
- 20 Scheinman N, Levine J, Cannom, et al. Dose-ranging study of intravenous amiodarone in patients with life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 1995; 92: 3264–3272.
- 21 Villacastin J, Almendral J, Arenal A, et al. Incidence and clinical significance of multiple consecutive, appropriate, high-energy discharges in patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation 1996; 93: 753–762.
- 22 Manolis A, Katsivas A, Vassilopoulos C, et al. Electrical storm in an ICD-recipient with 429 delivered appropriate shocks: therapeutic management with antiarrhythmic drug combination. J Interven Card Electrophysiol 2002; 6: 91–94.DOI: 10.1023/A:1014188526158
- 23 Tanabe Y, Chinushi M, Washizuka T, et al. Suppression of electrical storm by biventricular pacing in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. PACE 2003; 26: 101–102.
- 24 Gremillion S, Echt D, Smith N, et al. Beneficial effects of intravenous dofetilide in patients undergoing ventricular defibrillation testing. Circulation 1992; 86: I-264.
- 25 Qi X, Newman D, Dorian P. Azimilide decreases defibrillation voltage requirements and increases spatial organization during ventricular fibrillation. J Interven Card Electrophysiol 1999; 3: 61–67.DOI: 10.1023/A:1009879708404
- 26 Dorian P, Newman D, Sheahan R, et al. d-Sotalol decreases defibrillation energy requirements in humans: a novel indication for drug therapy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996; 7: 952–961.
- 27 Pacifico A, Hohnloser SH, Williams JH, et al. for the d, l-Sotalol Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Study Group. Prevention of implantable-defibrillator shocks by pretreatment with sotalol. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1855–1862.DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199906173402402
- 28 Kuhlkamp V, Mewis C, Mermi J, et al. Suppression of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a comparison of d,I-sotalol with no antiarrhythmic drug treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 46–52.DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00521-X
- 29 O'Toole M, O'Neill G, Kluger J, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide in patients with an implantable defibrillator: A multicenter study. Circulation 1999; 100: I-794.
- 30 Singer I, Al-Khalidi H, Niazi I, et al. Azimilide decreases recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 39–43.DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.033
- 31
Kettering K,
Mewis C,
Dornberger V, et al.
Efficacy of metoprolol and sotalol in the prevention of recurrences of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
PACE
2002; 11: 1571–1576.
10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.01571.x Google Scholar
- 32 Dorian P, Mangat I. Role of amiodarone in the era of implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14: S78–S81.DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.14.s9.22.x
- 33 Babbs CF, Yim GKW, Whistler SJ, et al. Elevation of ventricular defibrillation threshold in dogs by antiarrhythmic drugs. Am Hear J 1979; 98: 345–350.
- 34 Dawson AK, Steinberg MI, Shapland JE, et al. Effects of class I and class II drugs on current and energy required for internal defibrillation. Circulation 1985; 72: 384.
- 35 Echt DS, Gremillion ST, Lee JT, et al. Effects of procainamide and lidocaine on defibrillation energy requirements in patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1994; 5: 752–760.
- 36 Dorian P, Fain ES, Davy JM, et al. Lidocaine causes a reversible, concentration-dependent increase in defibrillation energy requirements. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 327–332.
- 37 Senatore G, Coltorti F, Giordano B, et al. Defibrillation threshold in patients with an ICD and concomitant antiarrhythmic therapy. (Abstract) PACE 1999; 22: 413.
- 38 Natale A, Jones D, Kleinstiver P, et al. Effects of flecainide on defibrillation threshold in pigs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21: 573–577.
- 39 Hernandez R, Mann DE, Breckinridge S. Effects of flecainide on defibrillation threshold in the anesthetized dog. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 777–781.
- 40 Ujhelyi M, O'Rangers E, Kluger J, et al. Defibrillation energy requirements during moricizine and moricizine-lidocaine therapy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 20: 932–939.
- 41 Avitall B, Hare J, Zander G, et al. Cardioversion, defibrillation and overdrive pacing of ventricular arrhythmias: The effect of moricizine in dogs with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. PACE 1993; 16: 2092–2097.
- 42 Stevens S, Haffajee C, Naccarelli G, et al. Effect of oral propafenone on defibrillation and pacing thresholds in patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 418–422.
- 43 Fain ES, Lee JT, Winkle RA. Effects of acute intravenous and chronic oral amiodarone on defibrillation energy requirements. Am Heart J 1987; 114: 8–17.DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(87)90300-0
- 44 Kopp D, Kall J, Kinder C, et al. Effect of amiodarone and left ventricular mass on defibrillation energy requirements: monophasic versus biphasic shocks. (Abstract) PACE 1995; 18: 872.
- 45 Haberman RJ, Veltri EP, Mower MM. The effects of amiodarone on defibrillation threshold. J Electrophysiol 1998; 2: 415–423.
- 46 Jung W, Manz M, Pizzulli L, et al. Effects of chronic amiodarone therapy on defibrillation threshold. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 1023–1027.DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90354-2
- 47 Klein RC, Gold M, Higgins S, et al. The low energy safety study: baseline characteristics and results of defibrillation testing. (Abstract) Circulation 2001; 104: II-3091.
- 48 Zhou L, Chen B, Kluger J, et al. Effects of amiodarone and its active metabolite desethylamiodarone on the ventricular defibrillation threshold. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 1672–1678.DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00160-0
- 49 Hellestrand K, Burnett B, Milne J, et al. Effect of antiarrhythmic agent flecainaide acetate on acute and chronic pacing threshold. PACE 1983; 6: 892–899.
- 50 Hook BG, Perlman RL, Callans DJ, et al. Acute and chronic cycle length dependent increase in ventricular pacing threshold. PACE 1992; 15: 1437–1444.
- 51 Gilliam FR III, Starmer CF, Grant AO. Blockade of rabbit atrial sodium channels by lidocaine: characterization of continuous and frequency-dependent blocking. Circ Res 1989; 65: 723–739.
- 52 Marchlinski FE, Buxton AE, Kindwall KE, et al. Comparison of individual and combined effects of procainamide and amiodarone in patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 1988; 78: 583–591.
- 53 Grimm W, Cho JG, Marchlinski FE. Effects of incremental doses of procainamide in patients with sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1994; 5: 313–322.
- 54 Marchlinski FE, Zado E, Callans DJ, et al. Hybrid therapy for ventricular arrhythmia management. In JM Miller (ed) Cardiology Clinics: Ventricular Arrhythmias. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia , 1999, pp. 391–406.
- 55 Goldschlager G, Epstein A, Friedman P, et al. Environmental and drug effects on patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter/defibrillators: A practical guide to patient treatment. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 649–655.DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.5.649
- 56 Grimm W, Flores BF, Marchlinski FE. Electrocardiographically documented unnecessary spontaneous shocks in 241 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. PACE 1992; 15: 1667–1673.
- 57 Frang P, Kus T, Vinet A, et al. Underdetection of ventricular tachycardia using 40 ms stability criterion: Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy. PACE 1997; 20: 2882–2892.
- 58 Wilbur SL, Marchlinski FE. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator follow-up: what every physician should know. Cardiol Rev 1999; 7: 9.
- 59 Lindsay B. Troubleshooting new ICD systems. J Interven Cardiol 1994; 7: 473–485.