A Quantitative Metric for Pattern Fidelity of Bioprinted Cocultures
Matthew E. Pepper
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Richard E. Groff
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dr. Richard E. Groff, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, 302 Riggs Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCheryl A.P. Cass
Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJustin P. Mattimore
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy Burg
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorKaren J.L. Burg
Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew E. Pepper
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Richard E. Groff
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dr. Richard E. Groff, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, 302 Riggs Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCheryl A.P. Cass
Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJustin P. Mattimore
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy Burg
Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Search for more papers by this authorKaren J.L. Burg
Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This article describes a quantitative metric for coculture pattern fidelity and its use in the assessment of bioprinting systems. Increasingly, bioprinting is used to create in vitro cell and tissue models for the purpose of studying cell behavior and cell–cell interaction. To create meaningful models, a bioprinting system must be able to place cells in biologically relevant patterns with sufficient fidelity. A metric for assessing fidelity would be valuable for tuning experimental processes and parameters within a bioprinting system and for comparing performance between different systems. Toward this end, the “bioprinting fidelity index” (BFI), a metric which rates a bioprinted patterned coculture with a single number based on the proportions of correctly placed cells, is proposed. Additionally, a mathematical model of drop-on-demand printing is introduced, which predicts an upper bound on the BFI based on drop placement statistics. A proof-of-concept study was conducted in which patterned cocultures of D1 and 4T07 cells were produced in two different demonstration patterns. The BFI for the patterned cocultures was calculated and compared to the printing model fidelity prediction. The printing model successfully predicted the best BFI observed in the samples, and the BFI showed quantitatively that post-processing techniques negatively impacted the final fidelity of the samples. The BFI provides a principled method for comparing printing and post-processing methods.
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