SMILE: first observational prospective cohort study of migraine in primary care in France. Description of methods and study population
Corresponding Author
G Géraud
Department of Neurology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse,
Gilles Géraud, Service de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Rangueil-Larrey, Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes, 31403 Toulouse, France. Tel. + 33 5 6132 2642, fax + 33 5 6132 2926, e-mail [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorD Valade
Emergency Headache Centre, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris,
Search for more papers by this authorM Lantéri-Minet
Department of Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, Pasteur University Teaching Hospital, Nice,
Search for more papers by this authorF Radat
Department of Treatment of Chronic Pain Patients, Pellegrin University Teaching Hospital, Bordeaux,
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
G Géraud
Department of Neurology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse,
Gilles Géraud, Service de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Rangueil-Larrey, Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhes, 31403 Toulouse, France. Tel. + 33 5 6132 2642, fax + 33 5 6132 2926, e-mail [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorD Valade
Emergency Headache Centre, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris,
Search for more papers by this authorM Lantéri-Minet
Department of Evaluation and Treatment of Pain, Pasteur University Teaching Hospital, Nice,
Search for more papers by this authorF Radat
Department of Treatment of Chronic Pain Patients, Pellegrin University Teaching Hospital, Bordeaux,
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The SMILE study was conducted among migraine patients consulting in primary care in France. The first phase aimed to describe the study sample of patients at entry to the study, especially emotional dimension (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), functional impact (abridged Migraine Specific Questionnaire), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and coping behaviours (brief COPE inventory avoidance subscale, Coping Strategies Questionnaire catastrophizing subscale), as well as treatments used and their effectiveness and treatments prescribed at end of consultation. Results indicate that consulting migraine patients suffer frequent migraine attacks, exhibit substantial levels of anxiety, functional impact and stress, and often use maladaptive coping strategies. Abortive treatments appear ineffective in most patients (74%). Patients with more affected psychometric variables and treatment ineffectiveness are more likely to be deemed eligible for prophylactic treatment. These data highlight the seriousness of migraine and maladjustment of patients consulting in primary care.
References
- 1 Lucas C, Géraud G, Valade D, Chautard MH, Lantéri-Minet M. Recognition and therapeutic management of migraine in 2004, in France: results of FRAMIG 3, a French nationwide population-based survey. Headache 2006; 46: 715–25.
- 2 Henry P, Michel P, Brochet B, Dartigues JF, Tison S, Salamon R. A nationwide survey of migraine in France: prevalence and clinical features in adults. Cephalalgia 1992; 12: 229–37.
- 3 Henry P, Auray JP, Gaudin AF, Dartigues JF, Duru G, Lantéri-Minet M et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of migraine in France. Neurology 2002; 59: 232–7.
- 4 Lucas C, Chaffaut C, Artaz MA, Lantéri-Minet M. FRAMIG 2000: medical and therapeutic management of migraine in France. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 267–79.
- 5 Breslau N, Merikangas K, Bowden CL. Comorbidity of migraine and major affective disorders. Neurology 1994; 44 (Suppl. 7): 17–22.
- 6 Merikangas KR, Stevens DE. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders. Neurol Clin 1997; 15: 115–23.
- 7 Sheftell FD, Atlas SJ. Migraine and psychiatric comorbidity: from theory and hypotheses to clinical application. Headache 2002; 42: 934–44.
- 8 Radat F, Swendsen J. Psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a review. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 165–78.
- 9 Devlen J. Anxiety and depression in migraine. J R Soc Med 1994; 87: 338–41.
- 10 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67: 361–70.
- 11 Lantéri-Minet M, Radat F, Chautard MH, Lucas C. Anxiety and depression associated with migraine: influence on migraine subjects' disability and quality of life, and acute migraine management. Pain 2005; 118: 319–26.
- 12 Oedegaard KJ, Neckelmann D, Mykletun A, Dahl AA, Zwart JA, Hagen K, Fasmer OB. Migraine with and without aura: association with depression and anxiety disorder in a population-based study. The HUNT Study. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 1–6.
- 13 Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The international classification of headache disorders, 2nd edn. Cephalalgia 2004; 24 (Suppl. 1): 1–160.
- 14 Lépine JP. L'échelle HAD. In: JD Guelfi, editor. L'évaluation clinique standardisée en psychiatrie. Paris: Editions Médicales Pierre Fabre, 1996: 367–74.
- 15 Wilkinson MJ, Barczak P. Psychiatric screening in general practice: comparison of the general health questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale. J R Coll Gen Pract 1988; 38: 311–13.
- 16 Olssøn I, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression rating scale: a cross-sectional study of psychometrics and case finding abilities in general practice. BMC Psychiatry 2005; 5: 46.
- 17 Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 1983; 24: 385–96.
- 18 Jhingran P, Osterhaus JT, Miller DW, Lee JT, Kirchdoerfer L. Development and validation of the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire. Headache 1998; 38: 295–302.
- 19 Lantéri-Minet M, Pradalier A, Valade D, Vicaut E, Delgado A, Géraud G. Development of a four-item Migraine Specific Quality of life questionnaire (MSQ4) to evaluate the need for a migraine preventive treatment in general practice. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 940.
- 20 Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989; 56: 267–83.
- 21 Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med 1997; 4: 92–100.
- 22 Muller L, Spitz E. Multidimensional assessment of coping: validation of the Brief COPE among French population. Encephale 2003; 29: 507–18.
- 23 Rosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain 1983; 17: 33–44.
- 24 Swartzman LC, Gwadry FG, Shapiro AP, Teasell RW. The factor structure of the coping strategies questionnaire. Pain 1994; 57: 311–6.
- 25 Géraud G, Lantéri-Minet M, Lucas C, Valade D for the French Society for the Study of Migraine Headache (SFEMC). French guidelines for the diagnosis and management of migraine in adults and children. Clin Ther 2004; 26: 1305–18.
- 26 Lantéri-Minet M, Valade D, Géraud G, Chautard MH, Lucas C. Migraine and probable migraine—results of FRAMIG 3, a French nationwide survey carried out according to the 2004 IHS classification. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 1146–58.
- 27 Lipton RB, Scher AI, Kolodner K, Liberman J, Steiner TJ, Stewart WF. Migraine in the United States: epidemiology and patterns of health care use. Neurology 2002; 58: 885–94.
- 28 Kroenke K. Studying symptoms: sampling and measurement issues. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 844–53.
- 29 Fava M, Rankin MA, Wright EC, Alpert JE, Nierenberg AA, Pava J, Rosenbaum JF. Anxiety disorders in major depression. Compr Psychiatry 2000; 41: 97–102.
- 30 Merikangas KR, Stevens DE. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders. Neurol Clin 1997; 15: 115–23.
- 31 De Diego EV, Lanteri-Minet M. Recognition and management of migraine in primary care: influence of functional impact measured by the headache impact test (HIT). Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 184–90.
- 32 Kosinsky M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, Ware JE, Garber WH, Batenhorst A et al. A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 2003; 12: 963–74.
