Angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and risk of spontaneous deep intracranial hemorrhage in Taiwan
C.-M. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
These authors contributed equally to the study.
Search for more papers by this authorY.-C. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
These authors contributed equally to the study.
Search for more papers by this authorY.-R. Wu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorF.-J. Hu
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorR.-K. Lyu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorH.-S. Chang
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorL.-S. Ro
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorW.-C. Hsu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorS.-T. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorG.-J. Lee-Chen
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorC.-M. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
These authors contributed equally to the study.
Search for more papers by this authorY.-C. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
These authors contributed equally to the study.
Search for more papers by this authorY.-R. Wu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorF.-J. Hu
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorR.-K. Lyu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorH.-S. Chang
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorL.-S. Ro
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorW.-C. Hsu
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorS.-T. Chen
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorG.-J. Lee-Chen
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background and purpose: This study examines whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage (SDICH) in Taiwan using a case–control study.
Methods: Totally, 217 SDICH patients and 283 controls were recruited. Associations of ACE A-240T and ACE I/D polymorphisms with SDICH were examined under the additive model and adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, total cholesterol level, smoking history, alcohol use, hypertension, and use of ACE inhibitors.
Results: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), and low cholesterol level increase risk of female SDICH, whereas hypertension, alcohol use, smoking history, family history of SICH, and low cholesterol level are an important risk factor for male SDICH. After adjusting for covariates, only haplotype ACE T-D (OR = 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1–6.5, P = 0.02) was associated with female SDICH.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that environmental risk factors play a major role and ACE polymorphisms play a minor role in contributing risk of SDICH in Taiwan.
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