Full Access
Orb webs and single-line webs: An economic consequence of space web reduction in spiders
W. Nentwig,
St. Heimer,
W. Nentwig
Fachbereich Biologie/Zoologie der Philipps-Universität, Postfach 1929, D-3550 Marburg
Search for more papers by this authorSt. Heimer
Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Augustusstraβe 2, DDR-8010 Dresden
Search for more papers by this authorW. Nentwig,
St. Heimer,
W. Nentwig
Fachbereich Biologie/Zoologie der Philipps-Universität, Postfach 1929, D-3550 Marburg
Search for more papers by this authorSt. Heimer
Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Augustusstraβe 2, DDR-8010 Dresden
Search for more papers by this author
References
- Akerman, C., 1932: On the spider Miagrammopes sp. which constructs a single-line snare. Ann. Natal Mus. 7, 137–143.
- Blanke, R., 1972: Untersuchungen zur Ökophysiologie und Ökethologie von Cyrtopbora citricola F. (Araneae: Araneidae). Forma Functio 5, 125–206.
- Bristowe, W., 1939: The comity of spiders. 2 vol, London .
- Carico, J., 1978: Predatory behavior in Euryopis funebris (Hentz) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and the evolution significance of web reduction. Symp. Zool. Soc. London, 42, 51–58.
- Clyne, D., 1973: Notes on the web of Poecilopacbys australasia (Argiopidae). Austral. Entomol. Mag. 1, 23–29.
-
Coddington, J.; Valerio, C., 1980: Observations on the web and behavior of Wendilgarda spiders (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae).
Psyche
87, 93–105.
10.1155/1980/69153 Google Scholar
- Crome, W., 1954: Beschreibung, Morphologie und Lebensweise der Eucta kaestneri sp. n. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Zool. Jb. Syst. 82, 425–452.
- Czaika, M., 1963: Unknown facts of the biology of the spider Ero furcata (Villers) (Mimetidae, Araneae). Pol. Pismo Entomol. 33, 229–231.
- Eherhard, W., 1971: The ecology of the web of Uloborus diversus. Oecologia 6, 328–342.
-
Eherhard, W., 1972: The web of Uloborus diversus (Araneae: Uloboraidae).
J. Zool.
166, 417–465.
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb04968.x Google Scholar
- Eherhard, W., 1977a: “Rectangular orb” webs of Synotaxus (Araneae: Theridiidae). J. nat. Hist. 11, 501–507.
- Eherhard, W., 1977b: Aggressive chemical mimicry by a bola spider. Science 198, 1173–1175.
-
Eherhard, W., 1979: Argyrodes attenuatus (Theridiidae): a web that is not a snare.
Psyche
86, 407–413.
10.1155/1979/31273 Google Scholar
- Eherhard, W., 1981: The single line web of Phoroncidia studo Levi (Araneae: Theridiidae): A prey attractant J. Arachnol. 9, 229–232.
- Eisner, T.; Alsop, R.; Ettershank, G., 1964: Adhesiveness of spider silk. Science 146, 1058–1061.
- Forster, R., 1959. The spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86, 269–329.
- Gertsch, W., 1958: The spider family Hypochilidae. Am. Mus. Nov. No. 1912.
- Heimer, S.; Nentwig, W., 1982: Thoughts on the phylogeny of the Araneoidea Latreille, 1806 (Arachnida, Araneae). Z. zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch. 20, 284–295.
- Heydemann, B., 1961: Untersuchungen über die Aktivitats-und Besiedlungsdichte bei epigäischen Spinnen. Verb. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 538–556.
- Hopfmann, W., 1935: Bau und Leistung des Spinnapparates einiger Netzspinnen. Jenaische Z. Naturw. 70, 65–111.
- Kaston, B., 1964: The evolution of spiders web. Am. Zool. 4, 191–207.
- Kraus, O., 1965: Hypochilus, ein “lebendes Fossil” unter den Spinnen. Natur u. Museum 95, 150–162.
-
Kullmann, E., 1964: Neue Ergebnisse über den Netzbau und das Sexualverhalten einiger Spinnenarten.
Z. zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch.
2, 41–122.
10.1111/j.1439-0469.1964.tb00718.x Google Scholar
- Kullmann, E., 1972: The convergent development of orb-webs in cribellate and ecribellate spiders. Am. Zool. 12, 395–405.
- Laing, D., 1975: The postures of the tunnel web spider Porrbotbele antipodiana: a behavioural study (Fam. Dipluridae). Tuatara 21, 108–120.
- Lehmensick, R.; Kullmann, E., 1956: Über den Feinbau der Fäden einiger Spinnen. Zool. Anz. 19, Suppl., 123–129.
- Levi, H., 1978: Orb-webs and phylogeny of orb-weavers. Symp. Zool. Soc., London, 42, 1–15.
- Levi, H., 1980a: The orb-weaver genus Mecynogea, the subfamily Metinae and the genera Pachygnatha, Glenognatha and Azilia of the subfamily Tetragnathinae North of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, 149, 1–75.
- Levi, H., 1980b: Orb-webs: Primitive or spezialized Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Arachnology, Vienna, 367–369.
- Lubin, Y., 1973: Web structure and function: the non-adhesive orb-webs of Cyrtophora moluccensis (Araneae: Araneidae). Forma et Functio 6, 337–358.
-
Lubin, Y.; Eberhard, W.; Montgomery, G., 1978: Webs of Miagrammopes (Araneae, Uloboridae) in the Neotropis.
Psyche
85, 1–23.
10.1155/1978/72579 Google Scholar
-
Marples, R., 1955: A new type of web spun by the genus Ulesianis with the description of two new species.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 125, 751–760.
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1955.tb00625.x Google Scholar
-
Martin, D., 1978: Zum Radnetzbau der Gaming Pachygnatha Sund. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae).
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 54, 83–95.
10.1002/mmnz.19780540104 Google Scholar
- Nentwig, W., 1982: Why do only certain insects escape from a spider's web Oecologia 53, 412–417.
- Opell, B., 1979: Revision of the genera and tropical American species of the spider family Uloboridae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambrigde, 148, 443–549.
- Peakall, D., 1971: Conservation of web proteins in the spider Araneus diadematus. J. Exp. Zool. 176, 257.
- Platnick, N.; Shadab, M., 1978: A review of the spider genus Mysmenopsis (Araneae, Mysmenidae). Am. Mus. Nov. No. 2661, 1–22.
-
Robinson, M.; Robinson, B., 1973: The ecology and behavior of the giant wood spider Nephila maculata in New Guinea.
Smithson. Contr. Zool.
149, 1–76.
10.5479/si.00810282.149 Google Scholar
- Robinson, M.; Robinson, B., 1975: Evolution beyond the orb web: the web of the araneid spider Pasilobus sp., its structure, operation and construction. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 56, 301–313.
- Robinson, M.; Lubin, Y., 1979: Specialists and generalists: The ecology and behavior of some webbuildmg spiders from Papua New Guinea. I. Herennia ornatissima, Argiope ocyaloides and Aracbnura melanura (Araneae: Araneidae). Pacific Insects 21, 97–132.
- Rovner, J., 1968: Territoriality in the sheet-web spider Linyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Z. Tierpsychol. 25, 232–242.
- Schildknecht, H.; Kunzelmann, P.; Krauss, D.; Kuhn, C., 1972: Über die Chemie der Spinnwebe. Naturwissenschaften 59, 98–99.
- Stowe, M., 1978: Observations of two nocturnal orbweavers that build specialized webs: Scoloderus cordatus and Wixia ectypa (Araneae: Araneidae). J. Arachnol. 6, 141–146.
-
Szlep, R., 1961: Developmental changes in the web spinning instinct of Uloboridae, construction of the primary-type web.
Behaviour
17, 60–70.
10.1163/156853961X00367 Google Scholar
- Toft, S., 1980: Humidity retaining function of the catching web of Tapinopa longidens (Wider) (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Ent. Medd. 48, 5–7.
- Vollrath, F., 1979: Behaviour of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes elevatus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Anim. Behav. 27, 515–521.
-
Wiehle, H., 1927: Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Radnetzbaues der Epeiriden, Tetragnathiden und Uloboriden.
Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere
8, 468–537.
10.1007/BF00407450 Google Scholar
-
Wiehle, H., 1931: Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Fanggewebes der Spinnen aus den Familien Argiopidae, Uloboridae und Theridiidae.
Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere
22, 319–400.
10.1007/BF00408816 Google Scholar
