The triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio as a marker of cardiovascular risk in obese children; association with traditional and emergent risk factors
Zaira Quijada
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mariela Paoli
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Mariela Paoli, MDUrb. La MaraAv. 3, No. 122MéridaVenezuelaTel: (58) 414-9789995;fax: (58) 274-2403221;e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorYajaira Zerpa
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorNolis Camacho
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorRosanna Cichetti
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorVanessa Villarroel
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorGabriela Arata-Bellabarba
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Lanes
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorZaira Quijada
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mariela Paoli
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Mariela Paoli, MDUrb. La MaraAv. 3, No. 122MéridaVenezuelaTel: (58) 414-9789995;fax: (58) 274-2403221;e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorYajaira Zerpa
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorNolis Camacho
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorRosanna Cichetti
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorVanessa Villarroel
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorGabriela Arata-Bellabarba
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Lanes
a Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; b Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; c Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; and d Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objectives: To determine the presence of traditional and emergent cardiovascular risk factors and to evaluate the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Tg/HDL-C) ratio as a marker for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children.
Material and methods: Sixty-seven prepubertal children of both sexes, between the ages of 6 and 12 yr, 20 normal-weight children, 18 overweight, and 29 obese subjects, were studied. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass (FM), were measured. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin concentrations were quantified. Glucose and insulin concentrations 2 h post-glucose load were determined. The Tg/HDL-C ratio, homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated.
Results: Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (MBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Tg/HDL-C, total cholesterol/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, basal and 2 h postload insulin, CRP, and leptin were significantly higher and the QUICKI index were lower in the obese group. MBP, Tg/HDL-C ratio, HOMA, CRP, and leptin levels showed a positive and significant correlation and QUICKI a negative correlation with abdominal circumference, BMI, and FM. The Tg/HDL-C ratio correlated positively with MBP. The frequency of MS in the obese group was 69%. While Tg/HDL-C ratio, CRP, and leptin were higher and the values of QUICKI were lower in subjects with MS, it was the Tg/HDL-C ratio and the BMI that significantly explained the MS.
Conclusions: Obesity increases the cardiovascular risk in childhood. The Tg/HDL-C ratio could be a useful index in identifying children at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, and MS.
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