Palaeoclimatic implications of the magnetic record from loess/palaeosol sequence Viatovo (NE Bulgaria)
Diana Jordanova,
Jozef Hus, Raoul Geeraerts,
Diana Jordanova
Geophysical Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDiana Jordanova,
Jozef Hus, Raoul Geeraerts,
Diana Jordanova
Geophysical Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl.3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSUMMARY
Loess-palaeosol deposits in the lower Danube area represent the southeastern edge of the loess cover in Europe. Detailed rock magnetic investigations of the loess/palaeosol sequence in Viatovo in NE Bulgaria reveal that magnetite and maghemite of very fine superparamagnetic grain size are responsible for the magnetic enhancement of palaeosol units. A detailed palaeoclimatic record is obtained through high-resolution measurements of magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility and CaCO3 content. Magnetic proxies indicate a more warm and humid climate during the development of the older palaeosol units (S4–S6).
REFERENCES
- Avramov, V., Jordanova, D., Hoffmann, V. & Roesler, W., 2006. The role of dust source area and pedogenesis of three loess-palaeosol sections from North Bulgaria—a mineral magnetic study, Studia Geophys. Geodaet., 50, 259–282.
- Campbell, A., Schwertmann, U. & Campbell, P., 1997. Formation of cubic phases on heating ferrihydrite, Clay Miner., 32, 615–622.
- Chen, T., Xu, H., Xie, Q., Chen, J., Ji, J. & Lu, H., 2005. Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and palaeosols: mechenism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in palaeosols, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 240, 790–802.
- Cornell R. & Schwertmann, U., 1996. The Iron Oxides. Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses, Weinheim, New York .
- Dearing, J., Bird, P., Dann, R. & Benjamin, S., 1997. Secondary ferrimagnetic minerals in Welsh soils: a comparison of mineral magnetic detection methods and implications for mineral formation, Geophys. J. Int., 130, 727–736.
- Deng, C., Zhu, R., Verosub, K., Singer, M. & Vidic, N., 2004. Mineral magnetic properties of loess/palaeosol couplets of the central loess plateau of China over the last 1.2 Myr, J. geophys. Res., 109, B01103, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2003JB002532.
- Deng, C., Vidic, N., Verosub, K., Singer, M., Liu, Q., Shaw, J. & Zhu, R., 2005. Mineral magnetic variation of the Jiaodao Chinese loess/palaeosol sequence and its bearing on long-term climatic variability, J. geophys. Res. 110, B03103, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003451.
- Ding, Z.L., Derbyshire E., Yang, S.L., Xu, W., Xiong, S.F. & Liu, T.S., 2002. Stacked 2.6 Ma grain size record from the Chinese loess based on five sections and correlation with the deep-sea 18δO record, Paleoceanography, 17, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2001PA000725.
-
Dunlop D. &
Ozdemir, O., 1997. Rock magnetism. Fundamentals and frontiers, in
Cambridge Studies in Magnetism, ed.
D. Edwards, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
,
UK
.
10.1017/CBO9780511612794 Google Scholar
- Evlogiev, J., 1993. Palaeogeography and stratigraphy of the Early Pleistocene in near Danube Northeastern Bulgaria, PhD thesis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , (in Bulgarian).
- Evlogiev, J., 2006. The Pleistocene and Holocene in the Danube plain, Doctoral dissertation , Bulg. Acad. Sci. (in Bulgarian).
- Eyre, J. & Shaw, J., 1994. Magnetic enhancement of Chinese loess—the role of γFe2O3? Geophys. J. Int., 117, 265–271.
- Fang, X. et al. , Asian summer monsoon instability during the past 60 000 years: magnetic susceptibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168, (1999) 219–232.
- Feng Z.-D. & Johnson, W., 1995. Factors affecting the magnetic susceptibility of loess-soil sequence, Barton County, Kansas, USA, Catena, 24, 25–37.
- Forster T. & Heller, F., 1997. Magnetic enhancement paths in loess sediments from Tajikistan, China and Hungary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 17–20.
- Forster, T., Evans, M. & Heller, F., 1994. The frequency dependence of low field magnetic susceptibility in loess sediments, Geophys. J. Int., 118, 636–642.
- Gehring. A. & Hofmeister, A., 1994. The transformation of lepidocrocite during heating: a magnetic and spectroscopic study, Clays Clay Miner., 42 (No. 4), 409–415.
- Goodman, B., 1994. Mossbauer spectroscopy of oxide minerals, in Clay Mineralogy: Spectroscopic and Chemical Determinative Methods, pp. 82–96, ed. M. Wilson, Chapman and Hall, London .
- Harrison, S., Kohfeld, K., Roelandt, C. & Claquin, T., 2001. The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future, Earth Sci. Rev. 54, 43–80.
- Heller, F. & Evans, M., 1995. Loess magnetism, Rev. Geophys., 33(2), 211–240.
- Heller, F. Xiuming, L. Tungsheng, L. & Tongchun, X., 1991. Magnetic susceptibility of loess in China, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 103, 301–310.
- Hus, J. & Han, J., 1992. The contribution of loess magnetism in China to the retrieval of past global changes—some problems, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 70, 154–168.
- Jenny, H., 1941. Factors of soil formation, in A System of Quantitative Pedology, R. Amundson, Dover Publ. Inc., New York ( edition 1994).
- Jordanova D. & Petersen, N., 1999a. Palaeoclimatic record from a loess-soil profile in northeastern Bulgaria – I. Rock magnetic properties, Geophys. J. Int. 138 (2), 520–532.
- Jordanova D. & Petersen, N., 1999b. Palaeoclimatic record from a loess-soil profile in northeast Bulgaria – II. Correlation with global climatic events during the Pleistocene, Geophys. J. Int., 138 (2), 533–540.
- Liu, Q., Banerjee, S., Jackson, M., Deng, Ch., Pan, Y. & Zhu, R., 2004. New insights into partial oxidation model of magnetites and thermal alteration of magnetic mineralogy of the Chinese loess in air, Geophys. J. Int., 158, 506–514.
- Liu, Q., Banerjee, S. K., Jackson, M., Maher, B., Pan, Y., Zhu, R., Deng, Ch. & Chen, F., 2004a. Grain sizes of susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization carriers in Chinese loess/palaeosol sequences, J. geophys. Res. 109, B03101, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2003JB002747.
- Liu, Q., Jackson, M., Banerjee, S., Maher, B., Deng, Ch., Pan, Y. & Zhu, R., 2004b. Mechanism of the magnetic susceptibility enhancements of the Chinese loess, J. geophys. Res., 109, B12107, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003249.
- Maher, B., 1986. Characterization of soils by mineral magnetic measurements, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 42, 76–92.
- Maher, B., 1988. Magnetic properties of modern soils and Quaternary loessic paleosols: paleoclimatic implications, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 137, 25–54.
- Maher, B., 1998. Magnetic properties of modern soils and Quaternary loessic paleosols: paleoclimatic implications, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 137, 25–54.
- Maher B. & Thompson, R., 1992. Paleoclimatic significance of the mineral magnetic record of the Chinese loess and paleosols, Quart. Res., 37, 155–170.
- Maher, B. & Thompson, R., 1995. Paleorainfall reconstructions from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese loess and paleosols, Quat. Res., 44, 383–391.
- Maher, B., Thompson, R. & Zhou, L.-P., 1994. Spatial and temporal reconstructions of changes in the Asian palaeomonsoon: a new mineral magnetic approach, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 125, 462–471.
- Minkov, M., 1968. Loess in North Bulgaria, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
- Mullins, C., 1977. Magnetic susceptibility of the soil and its significance in soil science—a review, J. Soil Sci., 28, 223–246.
- Murad, E., 1998. Clays and clay minerals: what can Mossbauer spectroscopy do to help understand them? Hyperfine Interact., 117, 39–70.
- Murad E. & Wagner, U., 1998. Clays and clay minerals: the firing process, Hyperfine Interact., 117, 337–356.
- Oches E. & Banerjee, S.K., 1996. Rock-magnetic proxies of climate change from loess-paleosol sediments of the Czech Republic, Stud. Geophys.Geodaet., 40, 287–301.
-
O'Reilly, 1984. Rock and Mineral Magnetism.
Blackie, Chapman and Hall, Glasgow and London, UK
.
10.1007/978-1-4684-8468-7 Google Scholar
- Ozdemir O. & Dunlop, D., 1993. Chemical remanent magnetization during gamma FeOOH phase transformations, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4191–4198.
- Panaiotu, C., Panaiotu E., Grama, A. & Necula, C., 2001. Paleoclimatic record from loess-paleosol profile in Southeastern Romania, Phys. Chem. Earth (A), 26, 893–898.
- Qiu, X., Cai B. & Liu, T., 2005. Loess record of the aerodynamic environment in the east Asia monsoon area since 60 000 years before present, J. geophys. Res. 110, B01204, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2004JB003131.
- Shackleton, N. & Hall, M., 1989. Stable isotope history of the Pleistocene at ODP site 677, Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 111, 295–316.
- Shackleton, N., Berger A. & Peltier, R., 1990. An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP site 677, Trans. R. Soc. Edinburg Earth Sci., 81, 251–261.
-
Schwertmann, U., 1988. Occurrence and formation of iron oxides in various pedoenvironments, in
Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, Vol. 217, pp. 267–308, eds
J. Stucki; B. Goodman &
U. Schwertmann,
NATO ASI Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Reidel Publ. Company, Dordrecht, Holland
.
10.1007/978-94-009-4007-9_11 Google Scholar
- Stoilov, K., 1984. Loess Formation in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
-
Sun, Y.B. &
An, Z.S., 2004. An improved comparison of Chinese loess with deep-sea 18δO record over the interval 1.6–2.6 Ma, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi:DOI: 10.1029/2004GL019716.
10.1029/2004GL019716 Google Scholar
- Tsatskin, A., Heller, F., Hailwood, E., Gendler, T., Hus, J., Montgomery, P., Sartori, M. & Virina, E., 1998. Pedosedimentary division, rock magnetism and chronlogy of the loess/palaeosol sequence at Roxolany (Ukraine), Paleogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol., 143, 111–133.
- Turin, I., 1937. Organic Matter in Soils and its Role for Pedogenesis and Soil Fertility. Selhozgiz, Leningrad , pp. 286 (in Russian).
- Vandenberghe, R., De Grave, E., Landuydt C. & Bowen, L. H., 1990. Some aspects concerning the characterization of iron oxides and hydroxides in soils and clays, Hyperfine Interact., 53, 175–196.
- Van Velzen, A. & Dekkers, M., 1999. The incorporation of thermal methods in mineral magnetism of loess-palaeosol sequences: a brief overview, Chin. Sci. Bull. 44, 53–63.
- Weaver, C., 1989. Clays, Muds and Shales. Developments in Sedimentology, Vol. 44, Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo .
- Wells, M., Fitzpatrick, R., Gilkes, R. & Dobson, J., 1999. Magnetic properties of metal-substituted haematite. Geophys. J. Int., 138, 571–580.
- Zhengtang, G., Fedoroff, N., Zhisheng, A. & Liu, T., 1993. Interglacial dustfall and origin of iron oxides-hydroxides in the palaeosols of the Xifeng loess section, China. Sci. Geol. Sin., 2 (1), 91–100.
- Zhou, L.P., Oldfield, F.A., Wintle, G., Robinson, S.G. & Wang, J.J., 1990. Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess. Nature, 346, 737–739.
