Full Access
Experimental evidence that skin carcinogenesis is a multistep phenomenon
F. MARKS,
G. FüRSTENBERGER,
Corresponding Author
F. MARKS
German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Dr F.Marks.Search for more papers by this authorG. FüRSTENBERGER
German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Search for more papers by this authorF. MARKS,
G. FüRSTENBERGER,
Corresponding Author
F. MARKS
German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Dr F.Marks.Search for more papers by this authorG. FüRSTENBERGER
German Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Search for more papers by this author
REFERENCES
- Ashendel, C.L. (1985) The phorbol ester receptor: a phospholipid-regulated protein kinase. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 822, 219.
- Balmain, A., Ramsden, M., Bowden, G.T. & Smith, J. (1984) Activation of the mouse cellular Harvey-ras gene in chemically induced benign skin papillomas. Nature, 307, 658.
- Berenblum, I. (1941) The cocarcinogenic action of croton resin. Cancer Research, 1, 44.
- Berenblum, I. & Haran, N. (1955) The significance of the sequence of initiating and promoting actions in the process of skin carcinogenesis in the mouse. British Journal of Cancer, 9, 268.
- Berenblum, I. & Shubik, P. (1947) A new quantitative approach to the study of stages of chemical carcinogenesis in the mouse's skin. British Journal of Cancer, 1, 383.
- Berenblum, I. & Shubik, P. (1949) The persistence of latent tumor cells induced in the mouse's skin by a single application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. British Journal of Cancer, 3, 384.
- Boutwell, R.K. (1964) Some biological aspects of skin carcinogenesis. Progress in Experimental Tumor Research, 4, 207.
- Burns, F.J., Vanderlann, M., Snyder, E. & Albert, R.E. (1978) Induction and progression kinetics of mouse skin papillomas. In: Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis. (Ed by T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak and R.K. Boutwell), pp. 91–96. Raven Press, New York .
- Friedwald, W.F. & Rous, P. (1944) The initiating and promoting elements in tumor production. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 80, 101.
- Fürstenberger, G. (1976) Über die Isolierung sowie die chemische and biologische Charakterisierung der hautreizenden Wirkstoffe aus Euphorbia tirucalli L. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Heidelberg.
- Fürstenberger, G., Berry, D.L., Sorg. B. & Marks, F. (1981) Skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters is a two-stage process. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 78, 7722.
- Fürstenberger, G., & Hecker, E. (1986) Highly unsaturated irritant diterpene esters from Euphorbia tirucalli L. originating from Madagascar. Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia), (in press).
- Fürstenberger, G., Kinzel, V., Schwarz, M. & Marks, F. (1985) Partial inversion of the initiation-promotion sequence of multistage tumorigenesis in the skin of NMRI mice. Science, 230, 76.
- Fürstenberger, G. & Marks, F. (1983) Growth stimulation and tumor promotion in skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 81, 157s.
- Fujiki, H., Suganuma, M., Tahira, T., Yoshioka, A., Nahayasu, M., Endo, Y., Shudo, K., Takayama, S., Moore, R.E. & Sugimura, T. (1984) New classes of tumor promoters: teleocidin, aplysiatoxin and palytoxin. In: Cellular Interactions by Environmental Tumor Promoters. (Ed. by H. Fujiki et al.), pp. 37–48. Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo ; VNU Science Press, Utrecht .
- Hecker, E. (1978) Structure-activity relationships in diterpene esters irritant and cocarcinogenic to mouse skin. In: Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion and Cocarcinogenesis. (Ed. by T.J. Slaga, A. Sivak and R.K. Boutwell), pp. 11–48. Raven Press, New York .
- Hennings, H., Shores, R., Wenk, M.L., Spangler, E.F., Tarone, R. & Yuspa. S.H. (1983) Malignant conversion of mouse skin tumors is increased by tumor initiators and unaffected by tumor promoters. Nature, 304, 67.
- Kinzel, V., Loehrke, H., Goerttler, K., Fürstenberger, G. & Marks, F. (1984) Suppression of the first stage of phorbol-12-terradecanoate-13-acetate-effected tumor promotion in mouse skin by non-toxic inhibition of DNA synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 81, 5858.
- Marks, F., Berry, D.L., Bertsch, S., Fürstenberger, G. & Richter, H. (1982) On the relationship between epidermal hyperproliferation and skin tumor promotion. In: Cocarcinogenesis and Biological Effects of Tumor Promoters. (Ed.by E. Hecker et al.), pp. 331–346. Raven Press, New York .
- Marks, F., Bertsch, S. & Fürstenberger, G. (1979) Ornithine decarboxylase activity, cell proliferation and tumor promotion in mouse epidermis in vivo. Cancer Research, 39, 4183.
- Marks, F. & Fürstenberger, G. (1984) Multistage tumor promotion in skin. In: Cellular Interactions by Environmental Tumor Promoters. (Ed. by H. Fujiki et al.) pp. 273–287. Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo ; VNU Science Press, Utrecht .
- Marks, F. & Fürstenberger, G. (1985) Tumor promotion in skin: Are active oxygen species involved? In: Oxidative Stress. (Ed. by H. Sies), pp. 437–475. Academic Press, New York .
- Mottram, J.C. (1944) A developing factor in experimental blastogenesis. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 56, 181.
- Sisskin, E.E., Gray, T. & Barrett, J.C. (1982) Correlation between sensitivity to tumor promotion and sustained epidermal hyperplasia of mice and rats treated with TPA. Carcinogenesis, 3, 403.
- Slaga, T.J., Fischer, S.M., Nelson, K. & Gleason, G.L. (1980) Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion: Evidence for several stages of promotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 77, 3659.
- Troll, W. & Wiesner, R. (1985) The role of oxygen radicals as a possible mechanism of tumor promotion. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 25, 509.
- Yamagiwa, K. & Ichikawa, K. (1914) Über die künstliche Epithelwucherung. Gann, 8, 11.
- Yuspa, S.H. (1984) Molecular and cellular basis for tumor promotion in mouse skin. In: Cellular Interactions by Environmental Tumor Promoters. (Ed. by H. Fujiki et al.), pp. 315–326. Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo . VNU Science Press, Utrecht .