Innate and adaptive immunity in female genital tract: cellular responses and interactions
Charles R. Wira,
John V. Fahey,
Charles L. Sentman,
Patricia A. Pioli,
Li Shen,
Corresponding Author
Charles R. Wira
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
* Dr Charles R. Wira Department of Physiology Dartmouth Medical School One Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH 03756 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJohn V. Fahey
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorCharles L. Sentman
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia A. Pioli
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorLi Shen
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorCharles R. Wira,
John V. Fahey,
Charles L. Sentman,
Patricia A. Pioli,
Li Shen,
Corresponding Author
Charles R. Wira
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
* Dr Charles R. Wira Department of Physiology Dartmouth Medical School One Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH 03756 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJohn V. Fahey
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorCharles L. Sentman
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia A. Pioli
Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorLi Shen
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Summary: The mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract (FRT) has evolved to meet the unique requirements of dealing with sexually transmitted bacterial and viral pathogens, allogeneic spermatozoa, and the immunologically distinct fetus. Analysis of the FRT indicates that the key cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems are present and functionally responsive to antigens. Acting through Toll-like receptors in the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and in the vagina, epithelial cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils confer protection through the production of chemokines and cytokines, which recruit and activate immune cells, as well as bactericidal and virucidal agents, which confer protection at times when adaptive immunity is downregulated by sex hormones to meet the constraints of procreation. The overall goal of this paper is to define the innate immune system in the FRT and, where possible, to define the regulatory influences that occur during the menstrual cycle that contribute to protection from and susceptibility to potential pathogens. By understanding the nature of this protection and the ways in which innate and adaptive immunity interact, these studies provide the opportunity to contribute to the foundation of information essential for ensuring reproductive health.
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Chemokines: extracellular messengers for all occasions?
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