INVITED REVIEW
NETosis: Sculpting tumor metastasis and immunotherapy
Yanyan Hu,
Houhong Wang,
Yang Liu,
Yanyan Hu
Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorHouhong Wang
Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yang Liu
Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
Correspondence
Yang Liu, Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorYanyan Hu,
Houhong Wang,
Yang Liu,
Yanyan Hu
Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
Search for more papers by this authorHouhong Wang
Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yang Liu
Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
Correspondence
Yang Liu, Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorThis article is part of a series of reviews covering Mechanisms of programmed cell death appearing in Volume 321 of Immunological Reviews.
Summary
The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, recent work has revealed the unique biology of NETosis in facilitating tumor metastatic process. Neutrophil extracellular traps released by the tumor microenvironment (TME) shield tumor cells from cytotoxic immunity, leading to impaired tumor clearance. Besides, tumor cells tapped by NETs enable to travel through vessels and subsequently seed distant organs. Targeted ablation of NETosis has been proven to be beneficial in potentiating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in the metastatic settings. This review outlines the impact of NETosis at almost all stages of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, understanding the multifaceted interplay between NETosis and the TME components is crucial for supporting the rational development of highly effective combination immunotherapeutic strategies with anti-NETosis for patients with metastatic disease.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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