The effect of root canal preparation tapers on planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction in the apical third: A correlative microtomography and microbiological laboratory study
Fernanda Piffer Garcia Macedo
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAdriana de Jesus Soares
Department of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMarília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
Search for more papers by this authorElizabeth Martinez
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRicardo Lopes
Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLuan Ferreira Bastos
Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorWayne Martins Nascimento
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ana Grasiela Limoeiro
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Correspondence
Ana Grasiela Limoeiro, Rua Nestor Ribeiro, 812, Centro, Jequié, Bahia, 45200-240, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMarcos dos Frozoni
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFernanda Piffer Garcia Macedo
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAdriana de Jesus Soares
Department of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMarília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d’Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
Search for more papers by this authorElizabeth Martinez
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRicardo Lopes
Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLuan Ferreira Bastos
Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorWayne Martins Nascimento
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ana Grasiela Limoeiro
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Correspondence
Ana Grasiela Limoeiro, Rua Nestor Ribeiro, 812, Centro, Jequié, Bahia, 45200-240, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMarcos dos Frozoni
Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aim
To evaluate the influence of different preparation tapers on the reduction in planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in the apical third (4 mm) of the mesial roots of mandibular molars, correlating decontamination with canal shape.
Methodology
After microtomography analysis for morphological standardization of the canals, 48 mandibular molar roots, each containing two canals (96 canals), were contaminated with E. faecalis and C. albicans and divided into four groups (n = 11) for canal instrumentation using ProDesign Logic 2 files with different tapers G (.03): # 25.03; G (.04): # 25.04; G (.05): # 25.05; and G (.06): # 25.06 and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Four roots were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to qualitatively assess biofilm formation. Eight roots were used as the negative control group (samples were not contaminated). Bacteriological samples were taken exclusively from the apical third of the roots before and after chemical–mechanical preparation and bacterial counts were determined (CFU/mL). The final micro-CT scan was used to quantify the volume variation and unprepared canal area in the apical third. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Student–Newman–Keuls and Wilcoxon tests for analysis of microbiological data. anova and the Tukey or Games–Howell test were used for analysis of micro-CT data and Spearman's test for correlations (α = 5%).
Results
All groups showed a significant reduction in bacteria (p < .05), with no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in per cent volume increase between groups. The unprepared area (Δ%) was affected by the file used (p = .026) and was significantly lower for G (.06) compared to G (.03). There was no statistically significant correlation among bacterial reduction, volume and unprepared area (p > .05).
Conclusion
The different preparation tapers influenced root canal shaping in the apical third but did not improve decontamination in this region.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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