Prevalence of late HIV diagnosis and its impact on mortality: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Corresponding Author
Jiaqi Zhao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Correspondence
Jiaqi Zhao, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMengying Gao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorDi Zhao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorWenya Tian
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jiaqi Zhao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Correspondence
Jiaqi Zhao, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMengying Gao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorDi Zhao
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorWenya Tian
College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiaqi Zhao and Mengying Gao have contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Objectives
The late diagnosis of HIV infection plays a crucial role in accelerating the disease progression and increasing the risk of death in the HIV population. However, there remains no consensus on the prevalence of late diagnosis or resulting mortality rates. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to assess both the prevalence of late diagnosis and resulting mortality rates, so as to provide valuable references and guidance for future research.
Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane database were comprehensively searched. Stata 15 was utilized to conduct a meta-analysis. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness and reliability of the results.
Results
This meta-analysis comprised 52 studies with 1 009 808 individuals living with HIV. The late diagnosis rate of HIV was 44.0%. The subgroup analysis showed that the late diagnosis rate was higher among individuals aged 30 years or older, men, Africans, those infected through blood transmission, those with low education, those currently unemployed and those diagnosed from 2011 to 2020. The mortality rate due to late diagnosis was 13.0%.
Conclusion
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate a relatively high prevalence of late HIV diagnosis and a high mortality rate. The issue of delayed HIV diagnosis remains pervasive and unresolved, necessitating global efforts to address it urgently. The late diagnosis rate of HIV was higher in older individuals, men, Africans, those with low education levels, those infected through blood transmission and those diagnosed in later years. Further research is imperative to identify effective strategies for promoting early detection of HIV.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| hiv70023-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 273.3 KB | Table S1. Search strategy. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of the included studies. Table S3. The results of 52 studies. Table S4. Sensitivity analysis. Figure S1. The funnel chart. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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