Happiness in Higher Education
Abstract
This paper investigates the higher education literature surrounding happiness and related notions: satisfaction, despair, flourishing and well-being. It finds that there is a real dearth of literature relating to profound happiness in higher education: much of the literature using the terms happiness and satisfaction interchangeably as if one were tantamount to the other, such conflation being due to the move towards consumerism within higher education and the marketisation of the sector. What literature there exists that actually deals with the profound happiness of students in higher education, generally argues that in the United Kingdom institutions do not currently do enough to promote happiness in higher education. These findings imply that flourishing, contentment and well-being should be regarded as legitimate goals of higher education, alongside satisfaction and related economic outcomes that are currently promoted across academic and policy literature, university rankings and the National Student Survey.
References
-
Bailey, G. (2012) Emotional Well-Being for Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities. London: Sage.
10.4135/9781526435934 Google Scholar
- Barker, C. and Martin, B. (2009) Dilemmas in Teaching Happiness. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 6(2), pp. 2–14.
- Barrow, R. (1980) Happiness. New York: St Martin's Press.
-
Bathmaker, A. (2003) The Expansion of Higher Education: a Consideration of Control, Funding and Quality. In S. Bartlett and D Burton (eds.), Education Studies: Essential Issues. London: Sage, pp. 169–189.
10.4135/9781446215043.n8 Google Scholar
-
Bay, D. and
Daniel, H. (2001) The Student is Not the Customer—an Alternative Perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 11(1), pp. 1–19.
10.1300/J050v11n01_01 Google Scholar
-
Bennett, R. and
Kane, S. (2014) Students’ Interpretations of the Meanings of Questionnaire Items in the National Student Survey. Quality in Higher Education, 20(2), pp. 129–164.
10.1080/13538322.2014.924786 Google Scholar
- Browne, J. (2010) An Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/422565/bis-10-1208-securing-sustainable-higher-education-browne-report.pdf. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Chan, G.,
Miller, P. and
Tcha, M. (2005) Happiness in University Education. International Review of Economics Education, 4(1), pp. 20–45.
10.1016/S1477-3880(15)30139-0 Google Scholar
- Cheng, J. and Marsh, H. (2010) National Student Survey: Are Differences between Universities and Courses Reliable and Meaningful? Oxford Review of Education, 36(6), pp. 693–712.
- Collini, S. (2012) What are Universities For? London: Penguin.
- Dean, A. (1998) Defining and Achieving University Student Success: Faculty and Student Perceptions. Unpublished Master's thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
- Dean, A. and Gibbs, P. (2015) Student Satisfaction or Happiness? Quality Assurance in Education, 23, pp. 5–19.
- Dearing, R. (1997) Higher Education in the Learning Society. London: The Stationery Office.
- Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2016) Success as a Knowledge Economy: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility & Student Choice. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523546/bis-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy-web.pdf. Accessed 9 January 2017.
- Durgin, C. (2010) Achieving Success and Happiness in College. Available at: https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/1581-achieving-success-and-happiness-in-college-5-ways-/view. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Emery, C.,
Kramer, T. and
Tian, R. (2003) Return to Academic Standards: a Critique of Student Evaluations of Teaching Effectiveness. Quality Assurance in Education, 11(1), pp. 37–46.
10.1108/09684880310462074 Google Scholar
- Flynn, D. and Macleod, S. (2015) Determinants of Happiness in Undergraduate University Students. College Student Journal, 49(3), pp. 452–460.
- Friedberg, J. (2016) How to Use the Guardian University Guide 2017. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/may/23/how-to-use-the-guardian-university-guide-2017. Accessed 9 January 2017.
- Geddes, H. (2006) Attachment in the Classroom: the Link between Children's Early Experience, Emotional Well-Being and Performance School. London: Worth.
- Gibbons, S., Neumayer, E. and Perkins, R. (2015) Student Satisfaction, League Tables and University Applications: Evidence from Britain. Economics of Education Review, 48, pp. 148–164.
- Gibbs, P. (2015) Happiness and Education: Troubling Students for their Own Contentment. Time and Society, 24, pp. 54–70.
- Gibbs, P. (2017) Should Contentment be a Key Aim in Higher Education? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49(3), pp. 242–252.
-
Gibbs, P. and
Dean, A. (2014) Troubling the Notion of Satisfied Students. Higher Education Quarterly, 68(4), pp. 416–431.
10.1111/hequ.12039 Google Scholar
- Grant, L. and Kinman, G. (2013) The Importance of Emotional Resilience for Staff and Students in the ‘Helping’ Professions: Developing an Emotional Curriculum. Higher Education Academy. Available at: https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/emotional_resilience_louise_grant_march_2014_0.pdf. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Hensley, B.,
Galilee-Belfer, M. and
Lee, J. (2013) What is the Greater Good? The Discourse on Public and Private Roles of Higher Education in the New Economy. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(5), pp. 553–567.
10.1080/1360080X.2013.825416 Google Scholar
- Kale, S. (1988) Happiness and Balance: the Neglected Facets of Higher Education. Journal of Thought, 23, pp. 83–104.
- Kek, M. and Stow, S. (2009) What Makes Students Happy? Factors Influencing Student Engagement Using Student Evaluation Data. FYE Curriculum Design Symposium, pp. 55–63.
- Keyes, C. (2015) Happiness: Restoring Purpose to Higher Education. Bringing Theory to Practice, Spring/Summer, pp. 1–4.
- Koskina, A. (2011) What Does the Student Psychological Contract Mean? Evidence from a UK Business School. Studies in Higher Education, 38(7), pp. 1020–1036.
- Lee, J. (2008) Is University Education a Golden Key for a Happy Life? Available at: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED504051.pdf. Accessed 23 February 2017.
- Lee, J. (2011) Higher Education and Happiness in the Age of Information. Higher Education Review, 43(3), pp. 70–79.
- Lenton, P. (2015) Determining Student Satisfaction: an Economic Analysis of the National Student Survey. Economics of Education Review, 47, pp. 118–127.
-
Mangeloja, E. and
Hirvonen, T. (2007) What Makes University Students Happy? International Review of Economic Education, 6(2), pp. 27–41.
10.1016/S1477-3880(15)30105-5 Google Scholar
- Manning-Morton, J. (2014) Exploring Well-Being in the Early Years. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
-
Mark, E. (2013) Student Satisfaction and the Customer Focus in Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 35(1), pp. 2–10.
10.1080/1360080X.2012.727703 Google Scholar
-
McMahon, W. (2009) Higher Learning, Greater Good: the Private and Social Benefits of Higher Education. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
10.1353/book.3416 Google Scholar
- National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) (2016) NSSE 2016 Overview. Available at: http://nsse.indiana.edu/2016_institutional_report/pdf/NSSE_overview_2016.pdf. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Noddings, N. (2003) Happiness and Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511499920 Google Scholar
- Palfreyman, D. (2013) Quality & Consumerism in Higher Education. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 17(3), pp. 107–111.
- Ramsden, P. and Callender, C. (2014) Review of the National Student Survey HEFCE. Available at: http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/rereports/Year/2014/nssreview/Title,92164,en.html. Accessed 9 January 2017.
- Robbins, L. (1963) Higher Education. London: The Stationery Office.
- Roberts, P. (2013) Happiness, Despair and Education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 32(5), pp. 463–475.
- Roberts, P. (2015) Happiness, Hope and Despair: Rethinking the Role of Education. New York: Peter Lang.
- Rodriguez, T. (2013) Negative Emotions are Key to Well-Being. Scientific American, May 1. Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/negative-emotions-key-well-being/. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Rousseau, D. (1989) Psychological and Implied Contracts in Organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), pp. 121–139.
10.1007/BF01384942 Google Scholar
- Ryff, C. (2016) Eudaimonic Well-Being and Education: Probing the Connections. In D. Harward (ed.), Well-Being and Higher Education: a Strategy for Change and the Realization of Education's Greater Purposes. Washington, DC: Bringing Theory to Practice, pp. 37–48.
- StudyPortals (2016) International Student Satisfaction in Europe 2016. Available at: http://www.studyportals.com/intelligence/international-student-satisfaction/international-student-satisfaction-awards-2016. Accessed 9 January 2017.
-
Telfer, E. (1980) Happiness. London: Macmillan.
10.1007/978-1-349-16325-0 Google Scholar
- The Complete University Guide (2016) Methodology. Available at: http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/methodology. Accessed 9 January 2017.
- University Experience Survey (UES) (2014) 2014 University Experience Survey National Report. Available at: https://docs.education.gov.au/node/36863. Accessed 9 January 2017.
- Vanhuysse, P. and Sabbagh, C. (2005) Thematic Review: Promoting Happiness, Respecting Difference? New Perspectives on the Politics and Sociology of Education in Liberal Democracy. British Educational Research Journal, 31(3), pp. 391–403.
-
Vygotsky, L. (1978) Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.1525/eth.1990.18.3.02a00020 Google Scholar
- Watson, D. (2009) The Question of Morale. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
-
Williams, J. and
Cappuccini-Ansfield, G. (2007) Fitness for Purpose? National and Institutional Approaches to Publicising the Student Voice. Quality in Higher Education, 13(2), pp. 159–172.
10.1080/13538320701629186 Google Scholar
- Wilson-Strydom, M. and Walker, M. (2015) A Capabilities-Friendly Conceptualisation of Flourishing in and through Education. Journal of Moral Education, 44, pp. 310–324.