SPECIAL ISSUE CONTRIBUTION
Ratcheting-fatigue behaviour of bainite 2.25Cr1MoV steel with tensile and compressed hold loading at 455°C
Z. Zhao,
D. Yu,
G. Chen,
X. Chen,
Z. Zhao
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 China
Search for more papers by this authorD. Yu
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Search for more papers by this authorG. Chen
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
X. Chen
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Correspondence
X. Chen, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University. Tianjin 300072, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorZ. Zhao,
D. Yu,
G. Chen,
X. Chen,
Z. Zhao
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 China
Search for more papers by this authorD. Yu
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Search for more papers by this authorG. Chen
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
X. Chen
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
Correspondence
X. Chen, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University. Tianjin 300072, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The ratcheting behaviour of a bainite 2.25Cr1MoV steel was studied with various hold periods at 455°C. Particular attention was paid to the effect of stress hold on whole-life ratcheting deformation, fatigue life, and failure mechanism. Results indicate that longer peak hold periods stimulate a faster accumulation of ratcheting strain by contribution of creep strain, while double hold at peak and valley stress has an even stronger influence. Creep strains produced in peak and valley hold periods are noticeable and result in higher cyclic strain amplitudes. Dimples and acquired defects are found in failed specimen by microstructure observation, and their number and size increase under creep-fatigue loading. Enlarged cyclic strain amplitude and material deterioration caused by creep lead to fatigue life reduction under creep-fatigue loading. A life prediction model suitable for asymmetric cycling is proposed based on the linear damage summation rule.
REFERENCES
- 1Wang Y, Yu D, Chen G, Chen X. Effects of pre-strain on uniaxial ratcheting and fatigue failure of Z2CN18. 10 austenitic stainless steel. Int J Fatigue. 2013; 52: 106-113.
- 2Ahmadzadeh G, Varvani-Farahani A. Concurrent ratcheting-fatigue damage analysis of uniaxially loaded A-516 Gr. 70 and 42CrMo steels. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2012; 35(10): 962-970.
- 3Bree J. Elastic-plastic behaviour of thin tubes subjected to internal pressure and intermittent high-heat fluxes with application to fast-nuclear-reactor fuel elements. J Strain Anal. 1967; 2(3): 226-238.
10.1243/03093247V023226 Google Scholar
- 4Varvani-Farahani A, Nayebi A. Ratcheting in pressurized pipes and equipment: a review on affecting parameters, modelling, safety codes, and challenges. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(3): 503-538.
- 5Cheng H, Chen G, Zhang Z, Chen X. Uniaxial ratcheting behaviors of Zircaloy-4 tubes at 400 °C. J Nucl Mater. 2015; 458: 129-137.
- 6Lin Y, Chen X-M, Chen G. Uniaxial ratcheting and low-cycle fatigue failure behaviors of AZ91D magnesium alloy under cyclic tension deformation. J Alloys Compd. 2011; 509(24): 6838-6843.
- 7Chang L, Wen JB, Zhou CY, Zhou BB, Li J. Uniaxial ratcheting behavior and fatigue life models of commercial pure titanium. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(9): 2024-2039.
- 8Shen Y, Fu S, Shi S, Chen X. Torsional fatigue with axial constant stress of oligo-crystalline 316 L stainless steel thin wire. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(9): 1929-1937.
- 9Hamidinejad S, Varvani-Farahani A. Ratcheting of 304 stainless steel under multiaxial step-loading conditions. Int J Mech Sci. 2015; 100: 80-89.
- 10Hamidinejad S, Noban M, Varvani-Farahani A. Ratcheting of 304 stainless steel alloys subjected to stress-controlled and mixed stress-and strain-controlled conditions evaluated by kinematic hardening rules. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2016; 39(2): 238-250.
- 11Yoshida F. Uniaxial and biaxial creep-ratcheting behavior of SUS304 stainless steel at room temperature. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping. 1990; 44(2): 207-223.
- 12Hassan T, Kyriakides S. Ratcheting of cyclically hardening and softening materials: I. Uniaxial behavior. Int J Plast. 1994; 10(2): 149-184.
- 13Kang GZ, Li YG, Zhang J, Sun YF, Gao Q. Uniaxial ratcheting and failure behaviors of two steels. Theor Appl Fract Mech. 2005; 43(2): 199-209.
- 14Sarkar A, Nagesha A, Parameswaran P, Sandhya R, Mathew M. Influence of dynamic strain aging on the deformation behavior during ratcheting of a 316LN stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013; 564: 359-368.
- 15Kang G, Dong Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Cheng X. Dislocation evolution in 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial ratchetting deformation. Mater Sci Eng A. 2010; 527(21): 5952-5961.
- 16Dong Y, Kang G, Liu Y, Wang H, Cheng X. Dislocation evolution in 316 L stainless steel during multiaxial ratchetting deformation. Mater Charact. 2012; 65: 62-72.
- 17Chaboche JL. Time-independent constitutive theories for cyclic plasticity. Int J Plast. 1986; 2(2): 149-188.
- 18Chaboche JL. Constitutive equations for cyclic plasticity and cyclic viscoplasticity. Int J Plast. 1989; 5(3): 247-302.
- 19Ohno N, Wang JD. Kinematic hardening rules with critical state of dynamic recovery, part I: formulation and basic features for ratchetting behavior. Int J Plast. 1993; 9(3): 375-390.
- 20McDowell DL. Stress state dependence of cyclic ratchetting behavior of two rail steels. Int J Plast. 1995; 11(4): 397-421.
- 21Khutia N, Dey P, Hassan T. An improved nonproportional cyclic plasticity model for multiaxial low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting responses of 304 stainless steel. Mech Mater. 2015; 91: 12-25.
- 22Bari S, Hassan T. Anatomy of coupled constitutive models for ratcheting simulation. Int J Plast. 2000; 16(3): 381-409.
- 23Chen X, Jiao R, Kim KS. On the Ohno-Wang kinematic hardening rules for multiaxial ratcheting modeling of medium carbon steel. Int J Plast. 2005; 21(1): 161-184.
- 24Yu D, Chen G, Yu W, Li D, Chen X. Visco-plastic constitutive modeling on Ohno-Wang kinematic hardening rule for uniaxial ratcheting behavior of Z2CND18. 12N steel. Int J Plast. 2012; 28(1): 88-101.
- 25Kang G. A visco-plastic constitutive model for ratcheting of cyclically stable materials and its finite element implementation. Mech Mater. 2004; 36(4): 299-312.
- 26Kang G, Liu Y, Ding J, Gao Q. Uniaxial ratcheting and fatigue failure of tempered 42CrMo steel: damage evolution and damage-coupled visco-plastic constitutive model. Int J Plast. 2009; 25(5): 838-860.
- 27Ahmadzadeh G, Varvani-Farahani A. Ratcheting assessment of materials based on the modified Armstrong-Frederick hardening rule at various uniaxial stress levels. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2013; 36(12): 1232-1245.
- 28Ohno N. Recent topics in constitutive modeling of cyclic plasticity and viscoplasticity. Appl Mech Rev. 1990; 43(11): 283-295.
10.1115/1.3119155 Google Scholar
- 29Ohno N. Recent progress in constitutive modeling for ratchetting. J Soc Mater Sci. 1997; 46(3Appendix): 1-9.
10.2472/jsms.46.3Appendix_1 Google Scholar
- 30Kang G. Ratchetting: recent progresses in phenomenon observation, constitutive modeling and application. Int J Fatigue. 2008; 30(8): 1448-1472.
- 31Shlyannikov V, Tumanov A. Creep-fracture resistance parameters determination based on stress and ductility damage models. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(10): 2110-2129.
- 32Wang X, Zhang W, Gong J, Jiang Y. Experimental and numerical characterization of low cycle fatigue and creep fatigue behaviour of P92 steel welded joint. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(3): 611-624.
- 33Varvani-Farahani A. Fatigue-ratcheting damage assessment of steel samples under asymmetric multiaxial stress cycles. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2014; 73: 152-160.
- 34Bradford RAW, Ure J, Chen HF. The Bree problem with different yield stresses on-load and off-load and application to creep ratcheting. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping. 2014; 113: 32-39.
- 35Veerababu J, Goyal S, Sandhya R. Cyclic viscoplastic analysis for steam generator material of Indian fast breeder reactor. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(11): 2362-2375.
- 36Shi D, Li Z, Yang X, Wang H. Accelerated LCF-creep experimental methodology for durability life evaluation of turbine blade. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018; 41(5): 1196-1207.
- 37Zheng X-T, Xuan F-Z, Zhao P. Ratcheting-creep interaction of advanced 9–12% chromium ferrite steel with anelastic effect. Int J Fatigue. 2011; 33(9): 1286-1291.
- 38Zhao P, Xuan F-Z. Ratchetting behavior of advanced 9-12% chromium ferrite steel under creep-fatigue loadings. Mech Mater. 2011; 43(6): 299-312.
- 39Pritchard P, Carroll L, Hassan T. Constitutive modeling of high temperature uniaxial creep-fatigue and creep-ratcheting responses of alloy 617. Idaho National Laboratory;2013.
- 40Sarkar A, Okazaki M, Nagesha A, Parameswaran P, Sandhya R, Laha K. Mechanisms of failure under low cycle fatigue, high cycle fatigue and creep interactions in combined cycling in a type 316LN stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A. 2017; 683: 24-36.
- 41Chaudhuri S, Ghosh R. Creep behavior of 2.25 Cr1Mo steel—effects of thermal ageing and pre-strain. Mater Sci Eng A. 2009; 510: 136-141.
- 42Peral LB, Zafra A, Blasón S, Rodríguez C, Belzunce J. Effect of hydrogen on the fatigue crack growth rate of quenched and tempered CrMo and CrMoV steels. Int J Fatigue. 2019; 120: 201-214.
- 43Brinkman CR, Strizak JP, Booker MK, Jaske CE. Time-dependent strain-controlled fatigue behavior of annealed 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel for use in nuclear steam generator design. J Nucl Mater. 1976; 62(2–3): 181-204.
- 44Jaske C. Fatigue curve needs for higher strength 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel for petroleum process vessels. J Press Vess Technol. 1990; 112(4): 323-332.
- 45Challenger K, Vining P. The effects of hold period on the fatigue crack growth rate of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel at elevated temperatures. J Eng Mater Technol. 1983; 105(4): 280-285.
- 46Hecht R, Weertman J. Periodic oxide cracking on fe2. 25Cr1 Mo produced by high-temperature fatigue tests with a compression hold. Metall Trans A. 1993; 24(2): 327-333.
10.1007/BF02657319 Google Scholar
- 47Hecht R, Weertman J. The effect of environment on high-temperature hold time fatigue behavior of annealed 2.25 pct Cr 1 pct Mo steel. Metall Mater Trans a. 1998; 29(8): 2137-2145.
- 48Kschinka BA, Stubbins JF. Creep-fatigue-environment interaction in a bainitic 2.25 wt.% Cr-1wt.% Mo steel forging. Mater Sci Eng A. 1989; 110: 89-102.
- 49Tian Y, Yu D, Zhao Z, Chen G, Chen X. Low cycle fatigue and creep–fatigue interaction behaviour of 2.25 Cr1MoV steel at elevated temperature. Mater High Temp. 2016; 33(1): 75-84.
- 50Zhang J, Yu D, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Chen G, Chen X. Low cycle fatigue of 2.25Cr1Mo steel with tensile and compressed hold loading at elevated temperature. Mater Sci Eng A. 2016; 667: 251-260.
- 51Wang W, Zheng X, Yu J, Lin W, Wang C, Xu J. Time-dependent ratcheting of 35CrMo structural steel at elevated temperature considering stress rates. Mater High Temp. 2017; 34(3): 172-178.
- 52Kang G, Dong Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Cheng X. Uniaxial ratchetting of 20 carbon steel: macroscopic and microscopic experimental observations. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011; 528(16): 5610-5620.
