ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Interleukin 36 expression in psoriasis variants and other dermatologic diseases with psoriasis-like histopathologic features
Terese Monette Aquino,
Mary Grace Calvarido,
Jeffrey P. North,
Terese Monette Aquino
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMary Grace Calvarido
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jeffrey P. North
Correspondence
Jeffrey P. North, MD, University of California San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street #280, San Francisco, CA 94115.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorTerese Monette Aquino,
Mary Grace Calvarido,
Jeffrey P. North,
Terese Monette Aquino
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMary Grace Calvarido
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jeffrey P. North
Correspondence
Jeffrey P. North, MD, University of California San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street #280, San Francisco, CA 94115.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorTerese Monette Aquino and Mary Grace Calvarido contributed equally to this study.
Abstract
Background
Elevated epidermal interleukin (IL)-36 expression distinguishes psoriasis from eczematous dermatitis, but other psoriasiform dermatitides (PDs) have not been thoroughly investigated for IL-36 expression. In this study, we assess the IL-36 staining pattern (IL36-SP) in psoriasis variants and other PDs including lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), prurigo nodularis (PN), lichen planus (LP), tinea, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), mycosis fungoides (MF), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), impetigo (IMP), and syphilis (SY).
Methods
IL-36 immunostaining was performed on 307 cases of psoriasis and various PDs. IL36-SP in the upper epidermis was graded on a scale of 0-4.
Results
High IL36-SP occurred in all variants of psoriasis, as well as in AGEP, PRP, PN, tinea, IMP, and LP (P > 0.05). SY, PF, LSC, and MF showed a lower IL36-SP (P ≤ 0.05) compared with psoriasis.
Conclusion
All variants of psoriasis exhibit high IL36-SP. IL-36 staining can assist in differentiating MF, PF, SY, and LSC from psoriasis, particularly MF and LSC, which have consistent low IL-36 expression. AGEP, PRP, tinea, IMP, PN, and LP exhibit high IL-36 expression similar to psoriasis, indicating Th17 activation in these diseases.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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