Genesis for Rare Earth Elements Enrichment in the Permian Manganese Deposits in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, SW China
Hai XU
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Junbo GAO
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRuidong YANG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorLijuan DU
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhichen LIU
102 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Exploration and Development of Geology Mineral Resources, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003 China
Search for more papers by this authorJun CHEN
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081 China
Search for more papers by this authorKangning FENG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuanghai YANG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorHai XU
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Junbo GAO
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRuidong YANG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorLijuan DU
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorZhichen LIU
102 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Exploration and Development of Geology Mineral Resources, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003 China
Search for more papers by this authorJun CHEN
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081 China
Search for more papers by this authorKangning FENG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorGuanghai YANG
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
Search for more papers by this authorAbout the first author:
XU Hai, male, born in 1993 in Tongren City, Guizhou Province; Ph.D.; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Engages in the study of mineral deposits and geochemistry. Email: [email protected]; Phone: 18184160286.
About the corresponding author:
GAO Junbo, male, born in 1985, native of Weinan, Shanxi Province; Doctor, associate professor of the Department of Earth Science of Guizhou University; Master's tutor; Engaged in geological environment and sedimentary deposit teaching and research. Email: [email protected]; Phone: 18785196708.
Abstract
The Zunyi manganese deposits, which formed during the Middle to Late Permian period and are located in northern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are the core area of a series of large-medium scale manganese enrichment minerogenesis in the southern margin and interior of the Yangtze platform, Southern China. This study reports the universal enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs) in Zunyi manganese deposits and examines the enrichment characteristics, metallogenic environment and genesis of REEs. The manganese ore bodies present stratiform or stratoid in shape, hosted in the silicon–mud–limestones of the Late Permian Maokou Formation. The manganese ores generally present lamellar, massive, banded and brecciated structures, and mainly consist of rhodochrosite, ropperite, tetalite, capillitite, as well as contains paragenetic gangue minerals including pyrite, chalcopyrite, rutile, barite, tuffaceous clay rock, etc. The manganese ores have higher ΣREE contents range from 158 to 1138.9 ppm (average 509.54 ppm). In addition, the ΣREE contents of tuffaceous clay rock in ore beds vary from 1032.2 to 1824.5 ppm (average 1396.42 ppm). The REEs from manganese deposits are characterized by La, Ce, Nd and Y enriched, and existing in the form of independent minerals (e.g., monazite and xenotime), indicating Zunyi manganese deposits enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE). The Ceanom ratios (average –0.13) and lithofacies and paleogeography characteristics indicate that Zunyi manganese deposits were formed in a weak oxidation-reduction environment. The (La/Yb)ch, Y/Ho, (La/Nd)N, (Dy/Yb)N, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* values of samples from the Zunyi manganese deposits are 5.53–56.92, 18–39, 1.42–3.15, 0.55–2.20, 0.21–1.76 and 0.48–0.86, respectively, indicating a hydrothermal origin for the manganese mineralization and REEs enrichment. The (δ13CV-PDB (−0.54 to −18.1%) and (δ18OSMOW (21.6 to 26.0%) characteristics of manganese ores reveal a mixed source of magmatic and organic matter. Moreover, the manganese ore, tuffaceous clay rock and Emeishan basalt have extremely similar REE fractionation characteristic, suggesting REEs enrichment and manganese mineralization have been mainly origin from hydrothermal fluids.
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