Effects of strength, explosive and plyometric training on energy cost of running in ultra-endurance athletes
Corresponding Author
Nicola Giovanelli
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Correspondence: Nicola Giovanelli, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Taboga
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Integrative Physiology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEnrico Rejc
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStefano Lazzer
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nicola Giovanelli
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Correspondence: Nicola Giovanelli, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Taboga
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Integrative Physiology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEnrico Rejc
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStefano Lazzer
Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week home-based strength, explosive and plyometric (SEP) training on the cost of running (Cr) in well-trained ultra-marathoners and to assess the main mechanical parameters affecting changes in Cr. Twenty-five male runners (38.2 ± 7.1 years; body mass index: 23.0 ± 1.1 kg·m−2; V˙O2max: 55.4 ± 4.0 mlO2·kg−1·min−1) were divided into an exercise (EG = 13) and control group (CG = 12). Before and after a 12-week SEP training, Cr, spring-mass model parameters at four speeds (8, 10, 12, 14 km·h−1) were calculated and maximal muscle power (MMP) of the lower limbs was measured. In EG, Cr decreased significantly (p < .05) at all tested running speeds (−6.4 ± 6.5% at 8 km·h−1; −3.5 ± 5.3% at 10 km·h−1; −4.0 ± 5.5% at 12 km·h−1; −3.2 ± 4.5% at 14 km·h−1), contact time (tc) increased at 8, 10 and 12 km·h−1 by mean +4.4 ± 0.1% and ta decreased by −25.6 ± 0.1% at 8 km·h−1 (p < .05). Further, inverse relationships between changes in Cr and MMP at 10 (p = .013; r = −0.67) and 12 km·h−1 (p < .001; r = −0.86) were shown. Conversely, no differences were detected in the CG in any of the studied parameters. Thus, 12-week SEP training programme lower the Cr in well-trained ultra-marathoners at submaximal speeds. Increased tc and an inverse relationship between changes in Cr and changes in MMP could be in part explain the decreased Cr. Thus, adding at least three sessions per week of SEP exercises in the normal endurance-training programme may decrease the Cr.
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