Dynamic contributions to superior shoulder stability
A. M. Halder
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorK. D. Zhao
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. W. O'Driscoll
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorB. F. Morrey
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
K. N. An
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel.: +1-507-284-2262; fax: +1-507-284-5392Search for more papers by this authorA. M. Halder
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorK. D. Zhao
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. W. O'Driscoll
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorB. F. Morrey
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
K. N. An
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel.: +1-507-284-2262; fax: +1-507-284-5392Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
It has been suggested that superior decentralization of the humeral head is a mechanical factor in the etiology of degenerative rotator cuff tears. This superior decentralization may be caused by muscular imbalance. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of individual shoulder muscles to superior stability of the glenohumeral joint. In 10 fresh frozen cadaver shoulders the tendons of the rotator cuff, teres major, latissimus, pectoralis major, deltoid and biceps were prepared. The shoulders were tested in a shoulder-loading device in 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of glenohumeral abduction. A constant superior force of 20 N was applied to the humerus. Tensile loads were applied sequentially to the tendons in proportion to their cross-sectional areas and translations of the humeral head relative to the glenoid were recorded with a 3Space™ Fastrak system. Depression of the humeral head was most effectively achieved by the latissimus (5.6 ± 2.2 mm) and the teres major (5.1 ± 2.0 mm). Further studies should elucidate their possible in vivo role in the frontal plane force couple to counter balance the deltoid. The infraspinatus (4.6 ± 2.0 mm) and subscapularis (4.7 ± 1.9 mm) showed similar effects while the supraspinatus (2.0 ± 1.4 mm) was less effective in depression. Therefore, the infraspinatus and subscapularis should be surgically repaired whenever possible. The supraspinatus may be of less importance for superior stability than previously assumed. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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