Latterly, energy scarcity is assumed to be a major issue in the manufacturing process since a major chunk of energy produced is lost in this transit. As heat transmission is an irreversible process, it is necessary to limit the entropy during such flows. Consequently, the rationale of this paper is to investigate entropy generation on the transient viscous fluid flow near a stagnation point past a rotating sphere immersed in a variable porous media. For enhanced realism, the model incorporates temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, viscosity, and mass diffusion overcoming the limitations of constant values often used in simpler models. The novelty of this envisioned model is bolstered by integrating thermal and solutal stratifications, combined with irreversibility analysis. The available literature possesses a bulk of articles focusing on constant thermal conductivity, viscosity, and mass diffusivity. However, there is a scarcity of studies that discuss the variable traits of these characteristics and are more near to real-world modeling. The exclusive feature of this study lies in investigating the flow of the viscous fluid over a rotating sphere in a temperature-dependent medium near a stagnation point with variable viscosity, thermal conductivity, and mass diffusion. For the numerical outcome, bvp4c is implemented. The behavior of the enhanced values of dimensionless parameters over the corresponding profiles is illustrated through graphs and tables. It is observed that on increasing the porosity parameter primary velocity profile escalates. Growing values of variable viscosity parameter portray an increasing behavior for the primary velocity profile and depict a decline for the secondary velocity profile. Temperature profile decays for augmented values of thermal stratification parameter. Surface drag force elevates on amplifying the rotation parameter for streamwise and rotational direction. Enhancement in rotation and variable thermal conductivity parameters optimizes the rate of heat transmission. By varying the Brinkman number and rotation parameter entropy generation optimizes.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

The authors declare no competing interests reported in this paper.

REFERENCES

1Nazar, R., Amin, N., Pop, I.: Mixed convection boundary layer flow about an isothermal sphere in a micropolar fluid. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 42(3), 283–293 (2003)
10.1016/S1290-0729(02)00027-3
Web of Science® Google Scholar
2Rajakumar, J., Ponnaiah, S., Chamkha, A.J.: Non-uniform mass transfer in MHD mixed convection flow of water over a sphere with variable viscosity and Prandtl number. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow 26(7), 2235–2251 (2016)
10.1108/HFF-05-2015-0189
Web of Science® Google Scholar
3Mohamed, M.K.A., Sarif, N.M., Noar, N.A.Z.M., Salleh, M.Z., Ishak, A.: Viscous dissipation effect on the mixed convection boundary layer flow towards solid sphere. Trans. Sci. Technol. 3(1–2), 59–67 (2016)
Google Scholar
4Ramesh, G.K., Madhukesh, J.K., Shah, N.A., Yook, S.J.: Flow of hybrid CNTs past a rotating sphere subjected to thermal radiation and thermophoretic particle deposition. Alex. Eng. J. 64, 969–979 (2023)
10.1016/j.aej.2022.09.026
Web of Science® Google Scholar
5Mohanty, D., Mahanta, G., Shaw, S., Sibanda, P.: Thermal and irreversibility analysis on Cattaneo–Christov heat flux-based unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning sphere with interfacial nanolayer mechanism. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 148, 12269–12284 (2023)
10.1007/s10973-023-12464-y
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
6Kumar, A., Dash, A.P., Ray, A.K., Sethy, P., Kasireddy, I.: Unsteady mixed convective flow of hybrid nanofluid past a rotating sphere with heat generation/absorption: An impact of shape factor. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow 33(11), 3691–3715 (2023)
10.1108/HFF-03-2023-0129
Web of Science® Google Scholar
7Lone, S.A., Al-Essa, L.A., Al Bossly, A., Alduais, F.S., Eldin, S.M., Saeed, A.: Electrically conducting mixed convective flow of a hybrid nanoliquid over a rotating sphere with nonlinear thermal radiation. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 49, 103165 (2023)
10.1016/j.csite.2023.103165
Web of Science® Google Scholar
8Ali, B., Shafiq, A., Manan, A., Wakif, A., Hussain, S.: Bioconvection: Significance of mixed convection and MHD on dynamics of Casson nanofluid in the stagnation point of rotating sphere via finite element simulation. Math. Comput. Simul. 194, 254–268 (2022)
10.1016/j.matcom.2021.11.019
Web of Science® Google Scholar
9Sharma, B., Srivastava, N.: Fluid flow past a rotating sphere in the presence of a toroidal magnetic field. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 103(5), e202200218 (2023)
10.1002/zamm.202200218
Google Scholar
10El-Sapa, S., Alhejaili, W.: On the hydrodynamic interaction of two coaxial spheres oscillating in a viscous fluid with a slip regime. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 103(3), e202100508 (2023)
10.1002/zamm.202100508
Google Scholar
11Houdroge, F.Y., Zhao, J., Terrington, S.J., Leweke, T., Hourigan, K., Thompson, M.C.: Fluid–structure interaction of a sphere rolling along an inclined plane. J. Fluid Mech. 962, A43 (2023)
10.1017/jfm.2023.250
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
12Ponnaiah, S., Jenifer, A.S., Natarajan, E.: Unsteady MHD mixed convection flow over a rotating sphere with sinusoidal mass transfer. J. Heat Mass Transf. Res. 9(2), 129–140 (2022)
Google Scholar
13Safarzadeh, S., Rahimi, A.B.: Numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer from a rotating sphere with constant angular velocity around vertical axis floating in stationary fluid. J. Heat Transf. 144(2), 021802 (2022)
10.1115/1.4053008
Web of Science® Google Scholar
14Abdal, S., Fatmawati, Chukwu, C.W.: Significance of variable viscosity for time-dependent flow of hybrid nanofluids due to spinning surface. Alex. Eng. J. 71, 551–563 (2023)
10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.051
Web of Science® Google Scholar
15Abbas, A., Ashraf, M., Ahmad, H., Ghachem, K., Ullah, Z., Hussanan, A., … Kolsi, L.: Computational analysis of Darcy-Forchheimer relation, reduced gravity, and external applied magnetic field influence on radiative fluid flow and heat transfer past a sphere: Finite difference method. Heliyon 9(5), e15696 (2023)
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15696
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
16Rana, P., Gupta, S., Gupta, G.: Optimization of heat transfer by nonlinear thermal convection flow past a solid sphere with Stefan blowing and thermal slip using Taguchi method. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 141, 106580 (2023)
10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106580
Web of Science® Google Scholar
17Darcy, H.: Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon Exposition et Application… par Henry Darcy. Victor Dalmont, Paris (1856)
Google Scholar
18Abbas, A., Sarris, I.E., Ashraf, M., Ghachem, K., Hnaien, N., Alshammari, B.M.: The effects of reduced gravity and radiative heat transfer on the magnetohydrodynamic flow past a non-rotating stationary sphere surrounded by a porous medium. Symmetry 15(4), 806 (2023)
10.3390/sym15040806
Web of Science® Google Scholar
19Maurya, P.K., Deo, S., Maurya, D.K.: Couple stress fluid flow enclosing a solid sphere in a porous medium: Effect of magnetic field. Phys. Fluids 35(7), 072006 (2023)
10.1063/5.0155532
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
20Dey, D., Borah, R., Makinde, O.D.: Free convection of a radiating MHD nanofluid past a solid sphere with energy transfer in a porous medium. Int. J. Appl. Comput. Math. 9(6), 143 (2023)
10.1007/s40819-023-01631-2
Google Scholar
21Sakthivel, S., Shukla, P.: Drag on a porous sphere enclosed in a solid core embedded in couple stress fluid. Spec. Top. Rev. Porous Media: An International Journal 14(1), 61–78 (2023)
Google Scholar
22Aparna, P., Padmaja, P., Pothanna, N., Murthy, J.V.R.: Uniform flow of viscous fluid past a porous sphere saturated with micro polar fluid. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 13, 1–12 (2022)
Google Scholar
23Alkasasbeh, H.T., Al Faqih, F.M., Alizadeh, A.A., Fazilati, M.A., Zekri, H., Toghraie, D., Younis, O.: Computational modeling of hybrid micropolar nanofluid flow over a solid sphere. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 569, 170444 (2023)
10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170444
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
24Jenifer, A.S., Ponnaiah, S.: Mixed convective bi-component SiO2–Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a sphere. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 148(12), 5603–5612 (2023)
10.1007/s10973-023-12131-2
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
25Madasu, K.P., Bucha, T.: Influence of MHD on micropolar fluid flow past a sphere implanted in porous media. Indian J. Phys. 95, 1175–1183 (2021)
10.1007/s12648-020-01759-7
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
26Bejan, A.: A study of entropy generation in fundamental convective heat transfer. J. Heat Transf. 101, 718–725 (1979)
10.1115/1.3451063
Web of Science® Google Scholar
27Bejan, A.: Second law analysis in heat transfer. Energy 5, 720–732 (1980)
10.1016/0360-5442(80)90091-2
Web of Science® Google Scholar
28Bejan, A.: Method of entropy generation minimization, or modeling and optimization based on combined heat transfer and thermodynamics. Rev. Gén. Therm. 35(418–419), 637–646 (1996)
10.1016/S0035-3159(96)80059-6
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
29Bejan, A.: Entropy Generation Minimization: The Method of Thermodynamic Optimization of Finite-Size Systems and Finite-Time Processes. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013)
10.1201/9781482239171
Google Scholar
30Agrawal, R., Kaswan, P.: Entropy generation minimization of Ag-Fe_3O_4/water-ethylene glycol squeezed hybrid nanofluid flow between parallel disks. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow 33(1), 65–95 (2023)
10.1108/HFF-01-2022-0005
Web of Science® Google Scholar
31Sharma, B.K., Sharma, P., Mishra, N.K., Noeiaghdam, S., Fernandez-Gamiz, U.: Bayesian regularization networks for micropolar ternary hybrid nanofluid flow of blood with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions: Entropy generation optimization. Alex. Eng. J. 77, 127–148 (2023)
10.1016/j.aej.2023.06.080
Web of Science® Google Scholar
32Mahmood, Z., El-Rahman, A., Khan, U., Hassan, A.M., Khalifa, H.A.E.W.: Entropy generation due to nanofluid flow in porous media over radiative permeable exponentially surface with nanoparticle aggregation effect. Tribol. Int. 188, 108852 (2023)
10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108852
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
33Mukherjee, S., Wciślik, S., Khadanga, V., Mishra, P.C.: Influence of nanofluids on the thermal performance and entropy generation of varied geometry microchannel heat sink. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 49, 103241 (2023)
10.1016/j.csite.2023.103241
Web of Science® Google Scholar
34Wang, J., Farooq, U., Waqas, H., Muhammad, T., Khan, S.A., Hendy, A.S., Ali, M.R.: Numerical solution of entropy generation in nanofluid flow through a surface with thermal radiation applications. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 54, 103967 (2024)
10.1016/j.csite.2023.103967
Web of Science® Google Scholar
35Mondal, P.K.: Entropy analysis for the Couette flow of non-Newtonian fluids between asymmetrically heated parallel plates: Effect of applied pressure gradient. Phys. Scr. 89(12), 125003 (2014)
10.1088/0031-8949/89/12/125003
Web of Science® Google Scholar
36Mondal, P.K., Dholey, S.: Effect of conjugate heat transfer on the irreversibility generation rate in a combined Couette–Poiseuille flow between asymmetrically heated parallel plates: The entropy minimization analysis. Energy 83, 55–64 (2015)
10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.078
Web of Science® Google Scholar
37Sarma, R., Jain, M., Mondal, P.K.: Towards the minimization of thermodynamic irreversibility in an electrically actuated microflow of a viscoelastic fluid under electrical double layer phenomenon. Phys. Fluids 29(10), 103102 (2017)
10.1063/1.4991597
Web of Science® Google Scholar
38Sarma, R., Gaikwad, H., Mondal, P.K.: Effect of conjugate heat transfer on entropy generation in slip-driven microflow of power law fluids. Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 21(1), 26–44 (2017)
10.1080/15567265.2016.1272655
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
39Sarma, R., Mondal, P.K.: Entropy generation minimization in a pressure-driven microflow of viscoelastic fluid with slippage at the wall: Effect of conjugate heat transfer. J. Heat Transf. 140(5), 052402 (2018)
10.1115/1.4038451
Web of Science® Google Scholar
40Sarma, R., Shukla, A.K., Gaikwad, H.S., Mondal, P.K., Wongwises, S.: Effect of conjugate heat transfer on the thermo-electro-hydrodynamics of nanofluids: Entropy optimization analysis. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 147(1), 599–614 (2022)
10.1007/s10973-020-10341-6
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar

Volume105, Issue5

May 2025

e70065

Analyzing variable characteristics on a Newtonian fluid flow over a rotating sphere in a variable porous medium with entropy generation analysis

Abstract

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

REFERENCES

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Analyzing variable characteristics on a Newtonian fluid flow over a rotating sphere in a variable porous medium with entropy generation analysis

Abstract

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

REFERENCES

References

Related

Information