3D printed bioceramic scaffolds: Adjusting pore dimension is beneficial for mandibular bone defects repair
Hongling Qin
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorYingming Wei
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Data curation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorJiayin Han
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojian Jiang
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Formal analysis
Search for more papers by this authorXianyan Yang
Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorYanmin Wu
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhongru Gou
Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence
Lili Chen, Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou 310008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Zhongru Gou, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lili Chen
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence
Lili Chen, Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou 310008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Zhongru Gou, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorHongling Qin
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorYingming Wei
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Data curation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorJiayin Han
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojian Jiang
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Formal analysis
Search for more papers by this authorXianyan Yang
Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorYanmin Wu
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Contribution: Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhongru Gou
Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence
Lili Chen, Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou 310008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Zhongru Gou, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lili Chen
Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence
Lili Chen, Department of Periodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou 310008, China.
Email: [email protected]
Zhongru Gou, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Bioceramic scaffolds for repairing mandibular bone defects have considerable effects, whereas pore architecture in porous scaffolds on osteogenesis in specific structures is still controversial. Herein 6 mol% magnesium-substituted calcium silicate scaffolds were fabricated with similar porosity (∼58%) but different cylindrical pore dimensions (Ø 480, 600, and 720 μm) via digital light processing-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technique. The mechanical properties, bioactive ion release, and bio-dissolution of the bioceramic scaffolds were evaluated in vitro, and the facilitation of scaffolds on bone formation was investigated after implanting in vivo. The results showed that as the pore dimension increased, the scaffolds indicated similar surface microstructures, but their compressive strength was enhanced gradually. There was no significant difference in vitro bio-dissolution between the 480 and 600 μm groups, whereas the 720 μm group showed a much slower dissolution and ion release. Interestingly, the two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) micro-CT reconstruction analysis of rabbits' mandibular bone defects model showed that the 600 μm group exhibited evidently higher ratio of the newly formed bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb. N) values and lower ratio of the scaffolds residual volume to total volume (RV/TV) compare to the other two sizes. Furthermore, the histological analysis also revealed a considerably higher new bone ingrowth rate in the 600 μm group than the other two groups at 4–12 weeks post-implantation. Totally, it is proved from these experimental studies that the DLP-based accurately fabricated calcium (Ca) silicate bioceramic scaffolds with appropriate pore dimensions (i.e., 600 μm in pore size) are promising to guide new bone ingrowth and thus accelerate the regeneration and repair of cranial maxillofacial or periodontal bone defects.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
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| term3287-sup-0001-suppl-data.docx243.7 KB | Supplementary Material 1 |
| term3287-sup-0002-suppl-data.txt13.2 KB | Supplementary Material 2 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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