REVIEW
Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell therapy and regeneration potential
Christina Brown,
Christina McKee,
Shreeya Bakshi,
Keegan Walker,
Eryk Hakman,
Sophia Halassy,
David Svinarich,
Robert Dodds,
Chhabi K. Govind,
G. Rasul Chaudhry,
Christina Brown
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristina McKee
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorShreeya Bakshi
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKeegan Walker
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEryk Hakman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSophia Halassy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Svinarich
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Dodds
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChhabi K. Govind
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
G. Rasul Chaudhry
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Correspondence
G. Rasul Chaudhry, Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChristina Brown,
Christina McKee,
Shreeya Bakshi,
Keegan Walker,
Eryk Hakman,
Sophia Halassy,
David Svinarich,
Robert Dodds,
Chhabi K. Govind,
G. Rasul Chaudhry,
Christina Brown
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristina McKee
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorShreeya Bakshi
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKeegan Walker
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEryk Hakman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSophia Halassy
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Svinarich
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Dodds
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChhabi K. Govind
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
G. Rasul Chaudhry
Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Correspondence
G. Rasul Chaudhry, Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Rapid advances in the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells, routinely called mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), from various human tissues and organs have provided impetus to the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The most widely studied sources of MSCs include bone marrow, adipose, muscle, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid. According to the standard definition of MSCs, these clonal cells adhere to plastic, express cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers, and can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages in vitro. However, isolated MSCs have been reported to vary in their potency and self-renewal potential. As a result, the MSCs used for clinical applications often lead to variable or even conflicting results. The lack of uniform characterization methods both in vitro and in vivo also contributes to this confusion. Therefore, the name “MSCs” itself has been increasingly questioned lately. As the use of MSCs is expanding rapidly, there is an increasing need to understand the potential sources and specific potencies of MSCs. This review discusses and compares the characteristics of MSCs and suggests that the variations in their distinctive features are dependent on the source and method of isolation as well as epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth. We also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of MSC research with the hope to stimulate their use for therapeutic and regenerative medicine.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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