New paradigms of water-enabled electrical energy generation
Zhengtong Li
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tao Yang
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJia-Han Zhang
School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorTaotao Meng
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorSaad Melhi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorJungmok You
Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorMiharu Eguchi
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorLikun Pan
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yusuke Yamauchi
Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xingtao Xu
Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorZhengtong Li
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tao Yang
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJia-Han Zhang
School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorTaotao Meng
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorSaad Melhi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Search for more papers by this authorJungmok You
Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorMiharu Eguchi
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorLikun Pan
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yusuke Yamauchi
Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xingtao Xu
Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
Correspondence
Tao Yang, The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Email: [email protected]
Yusuke Yamauchi and Xingtao Xu, Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Nanotechnology-inspired small-sized water-enabled electricity generation (WEG) has sparked widespread research interest, especially when applied as an electricity source for off-grid low-power electronic equipment and systems. Currently, WEG encompasses a wide range of physical phenomena, generator structures, and power generation environments. However, a systematic framework to clearly describe the connections and differences between these technologies is unavailable. In this review, a comprehensive overview of generator technologies and the typical mechanisms for harvesting water energy is provided. Considering the different roles of water in WEG processes, the related technologies are presented as two different scenarios. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the electrical potential formation in each WEG process is presented, and their similarities and differences are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive compilation of advanced generator architectures and system designs based on hydrological cycle processes is presented, along with their respective energy efficiencies. These nanotechnology-inspired small-sized WEG devices show considerable potential for applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem (i.e., microelectronic devices, integrated circuits, and smart clothing). Finally, the prospects and future challenges of WEG devices are also summarized.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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