A new method for determination of segregation stability of pumped ready-mixed concrete: Rapid wet-sieved test
Lei Li
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qi Deng
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Qi Deng and Zhenhua Duan, Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAhmed Nasr
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiaqian Wang
State Key Laboratory of Hoisting Machinery, Changsha, China
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science& Technology Development Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
Search for more papers by this authorJunyou Chen
Hongxiang Environmental Industry Co., Ltd, Haining, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhenhua Duan
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Qi Deng and Zhenhua Duan, Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLei Li
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Qi Deng
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Qi Deng and Zhenhua Duan, Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAhmed Nasr
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiaqian Wang
State Key Laboratory of Hoisting Machinery, Changsha, China
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science& Technology Development Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
Search for more papers by this authorJunyou Chen
Hongxiang Environmental Industry Co., Ltd, Haining, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhenhua Duan
Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Correspondence
Qi Deng and Zhenhua Duan, Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLei Li and Qi Deng contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors.
Abstract
In the process of pumping, the segregation of concrete mixture will lead to the difficulty of construction, and even the possibility of pipe blocking. There is a lack of a quickly evaluation for on-site construction. In order to solve this problem, a rapid wet-sieved test was proposed in this study and then its feasibility was evaluated based on concrete mixes with different water–cement ratios. Subsequently, the influence of sand ratio on the segregation degree of concrete was investigated. The test results show that a combination of 2.36 mm screen size and 20 s vibrating time did the best. The wet-sieved mortar content and stratification degree were increased by 4.6%–25.2% and 0.3%–17.9% by pumping, respectively. With the sand ratio increasing from 0.40 to 0.60, the pumping pressure decreased by 51.9%. The linear fitting correlation between pumping pressure and wet-sieved mortar content (0.96) is better than that between pumping pressure and stratification degree (0.85), which indicates that the proposed test method can reliably characterize the degree of segregation during the pumping of ready-mixed concrete.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
REFERENCES
- 1Li H, Sun D, Wang Z, Huang F, Zhang Y. A review on the pumping behavior of modern concrete. J Adv Concrete Technol. 2020; 18(6): 352–363.
- 2Baker PH, Tattersall GH. The effect of vibration on the rheological properties of fresh concrete. Mag Concr Res. 1988; 40(143): 79–89.
- 3Sonebi M. Report on measurements of workability and rheology of fresh concrete. 2008.
- 4Lai M, Hanzic L, Ho JCM. Fillers to improve passing ability of concrete. Struct Concr. 2019; 20(1): 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800047
- 5Duan ZH, Deng Q, Xiao JZ, Zhang H, Nasr A, Li L, et al. Early-stage water-absorbing behavior and mechanism of recycled coarse aggregate. Construct Build Mater. 2023; 394: 394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132138
- 6Stock AF, Hannant DJ, Williams RIT, Hobbs DW, Akman MS, Barto P. Discussion: the effect of aggregate concentration upon the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete. Mag Concr Res. 1980; 32(113): 246–250.
10.1680/macr.1980.32.113.246 Google Scholar
- 7Navarrete I, Lopez M. Understanding the relationship between the segregation of concrete and coarse aggregate density and size. Construct Build Mater. 2017; 149: 741–748.
- 8Duan Z, Deng Q, Liang C, Ma Z, Wu H. Upcycling of recycled plastic fiber for sustainable cementitious composites: a critical review and new perspective. Cem Concr Compos. 2023; 142: 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105192
- 9Deng Q, Zhang R, Liu C, Duan Z, Xiao J. Influence of fiber properties on abrasion resistance of recycled aggregate concrete: length, volume fraction, and types of fibers. Construct Build Mater. 2023; 362: 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129750
- 10Rissardi CZ, Gil AM, Ehrenbring HZ, Li Z, Tutikian BF. Evaluating the robustness of self-consolidating concrete: An approach to the mix design procedure. Struct Concr. 2022; 23(3): 1933–1946. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202000566
- 11Yang Y, Zhao W, Li R. Automatic determination of the coarse aggregate distribution in concrete based on the statistical characteristics of ground-penetrating radar. Struct Concr. 2020; 21(2): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201900168
- 12Xiangqun D, Lengqing Z, Liren Z, Yanliang J, Ming T. Fractal feature analysis of the concrete segregation. Concrete. 2014; 8: 4.
- 13Gke HS, Andi-Akr Z. A new method for determination of dynamic stability of self-consolidating concrete: 3-compartment sieve test. Construct Build Mater. 2018; 168: 305–312.
- 14Khayat KH, Assaad J, Daczko J. Comparison of field-oriented test methods to assess dynamic stability of self-consolidating concrete. ACI Mater J. 2004; 101(2): 168–176.
- 15Koehler EP, Fowler DW. Summary of concrete workability test methods. Trend. 2003.
- 16Nepomuceno MCS, Pereira-De-Oliveira LA, Lopes SMR. Methodology for the mix design of self-compacting concrete using different mineral additions in binary blends of powders. Constr Build Mater. 2014; 64: 82–94.
- 17Ng IYT, Wong HHC, Kwan AKH. Passing ability and segregation stability of self-consolidating concrete with different aggregate proportions. Mag Concr Res. 2006; 58(7): 447–457.
- 18de Schutter G. Guidelines for testing fresh self-compacting concrete.
- 19 NetAnswer. Project testing SCC- segregation test methods. Mater Struct.
- 20Pan J, He J, Zhu J, Gao X. Theoretical and experimental study on the electrical resistivity method for evaluating fresh concrete segregation. J Build Eng. 2021; 48: 48.
- 21 ASTM. Standard test method for static segregation of self-consolidating concrete using column technique. 2006.
- 22Bilgil A, Ozturk B, Bilgil H. A numerical approach to determine viscosity-dependent segregation in fresh concrete. Appl Math Comput. 2005; 162(1): 225–241.
- 23 Common portland cement. 2007 GB 175-2007.
- 24 Pebble and crushed stone for construction. 2022 GB/T 14685-2022.
- 25Shen L, Jovein HB, Li M. Measuring static stability and robustness of self-consolidating concrete using modified segregation probe. Construct Build Mater. 2014; 70: 210–216.
- 26Shen L, Jovein HB, Sun Z, Wang Q, Li W. Testing dynamic segregation of self-consolidating concrete. Construct Build Mater. 2015; 75: 465–471.
- 27Mouret M, Escadeillas G, Bascoul A. Metrological significance of the column test in the assessment of the static segregation of self-compacting concrete in the fresh state. Mater Struct. 2008; 41(4): 663–679.
- 28Pan J, He J, Zhu J, Gao X. Theoretical and experimental study on the electrical resistivity method for evaluating fresh concrete segregation. 2021.
- 29Lin S, Jovein HB, Mo L. Measuring static stability and robustness of self-consolidating concrete using modified segregation probe. Constr Build Mater. 2014; 70: 210–216.
- 30 Sand for construction. 2011 GB/T 14684-2011.
- 31Pan J, Gao X, Ye H. Influence of rheological behavior of mortar matrix on fresh concrete segregation and bleeding. Iran J Sci Technol—Trans Civ Eng. 2020; 45: 6–1295.
- 32Xu Z, Li Z. Numerical method for predicting flow and segregation behaviors of fresh concrete. Cem Concr Compos. 2021; 123: 104150.
- 33Mohamed S, Tayeb B. Effect of coarse aggregates and sand contents on workability and static stability of self-compacting concrete. Adv Concr Constr. 2019; 7(2): 97–105.
- 34 Standard for Testing Methods for Performance of Normal Concrete Mixtures. 2016 GB/T 50080-2016.
- 35Li Z, Rangaraju PR. Effect of sand content on properties of self-consolidating, high-performance cementitious mortar. Transp Res Rec. 2015; 2508(1): 84–92.
10.3141/2508-11 Google Scholar
- 36Xing-Zhong W, Guang-Xian Z, Zhao H, Xiang-Cheng Y, Tao Q, Yong-Lin W. Effects of sand ratio on performance of pavement concrete. J Xi'an Univ Archit Technol. 2013.
- 37Li M, Liu Y, Han J, Yan P. Influences of sand ratio and paste aggregate ratio on fresh properties of high-fluidity concrete. J Chin Ceram Soc. 2020; 48: 1107–1113.
- 38Lin WT. Effects of sand/aggregate ratio on strength, durability, and microstructure of self-compacting concrete. Construct Build Mater. 2020; 242: 242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118046
- 39Li M, Liu Y, Han J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Yan P. Influences of sand ratio and paste aggregate ratio on fresh properties of high-fluidity concrete. J Chin Ceram Soc. 2020; 48(7): 1107–1113.
- 40Zhu M, Wang FG, Wang FZ, Liu YP. The micromechanics model analysis of the viscosity regulation of ultra-high strength concrete with low viscosity. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Research and Applications (AMRA). 2016. 170. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/170/1/012033
10.1088/1757-899x/170/1/012033 Google Scholar
- 41Feys D, De Schutter G, Khayat KH, Verhoeven R. Changes in rheology of self-consolidating concrete induced by pumping. Mater Struct. 2016; 49(11): 4657–4677. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0815-7
- 42Yuan Y, Tao Y, Wang X. Changes in rheology of printable concrete during pumping process. 6th International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE). 2018. 1577–1582.
- 43Hu C, de Larrard F. The rheology of fresh high-performance concrete. Cem Concr Res. 1996; 26(2): 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00213-8
- 44Sooryanarayana KP, Hawkins KA, Stynoski P, Lange DA. Controlling three-dimensional-printable concrete with vibration. ACI Mater J. 2021; 118(6): 353–358. https://doi.org/10.14359/51734150
- 45Quoc Gia H, Kaci A, Kadri E-H, Gallias J-L. A new methodology for characterizing segregation of cement grouts during rheological tests. Construct Build Mater. 2015; 96: 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.008
- 46Shen L, Jovein HB, Wang Q. Correlating aggregate properties and concrete rheology to dynamic segregation of self-consolidating concrete. J Mater Civ Eng. 2016; 28:04015067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001325
- 47Zhang C, Jia Z, Wang X, Jia L, Deng Z, Wang Z, et al. A two-phase design strategy based on the composite of mortar and coarse aggregate for 3D printable concrete with coarse aggregate. J Buil Eng. 2022; 54: 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104672
- 48Wei Z, An X, Shi C, Wu B, Yuan Q. Pressure loss prediction of fresh concrete pumping based on CFD simulation. Mater Rev. 2019; 33(11B): 3738–3743.
- 49Kong L, Chen Y. Effect of aggregate grading on the performance of combined aggregate concrete. Concrete. 2013; 6(43–46): 51.
- 50Xu C, Zhang Y, Yang M, Gao J. Influence of mineral blending materials on the lightweight aggregate concrete anti segregation ability. Concrete. 2012; 9(77–79): 82.
- 51Xu C-W, Wang Z-J, Gao J, Yang M-H. Influence of fiber on lightweight aggregate concrete anti segregation ability. Concrete. 2012; 5: 16–18.
- 52Mohan MK, Rahul AV, Van Tittelboom K, De Schutter G. Rheological and pumping behaviour of 3D printable cementitious materials with varying aggregate content. Cem Concr Res. 2021; 139: 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106258
- 53Ke G, Wang J, Tian B. Simulation analysis of pumping and its variability for manufactured sand concrete. ACI Mater J. 2019; 116(3): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.14359/51714504
- 54Kaplan D, de Larrard F, Sedran T. Avoidance of blockages in concrete pumping process. ACI Mater J. 2005; 102(3): 183–191.
