Intercalation Strategy in 2D Materials for Electronics and Optoelectronics
Zexin Li
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDongyan Li
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorHaoyun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorPing Chen
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorLejing Pi
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xing Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tianyou Zhai
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorZexin Li
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDongyan Li
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorHaoyun Wang
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorPing Chen
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorLejing Pi
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xing Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tianyou Zhai
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Intercalation is an effective approach to tune the physical and chemical properties of 2D materials due to their abundant van der Waals gaps that can host high-density intercalated guest matters. This approach has been widely employed to modulate the optical, electrical, and photoelectrical properties of 2D materials for their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Thus it is necessary to review the recent progress of the intercalation strategy in 2D materials and their applications in devices. Herein, various intercalation strategies and the novel properties of the intercalated 2D materials as well as their applications in electronics and optoelectronics are summarized. In the end, the development tendency of this promising approach for 2D materials is also outlined.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- 1Y. Lu, J. Chen, T. Chen, Y. Shu, R.-J. Chang, Y. Sheng, V. Shautsova, N. Mkhize, P. Holdway, H. Bhaskaran, J. H. Warner, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1906958.
- 2T. Chowdhury, E. C. Sadler, T. J. Kempa, Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 12563.
- 3J. D. Yao, Z. Q. Zheng, G. W. Yang, Prog. Mater. Sci. 2019, 106, 100573.
- 4M.-B. Lien, C.-H. Liu, I. Y. Chun, S. Ravishankar, H. Nien, M. Zhou, J. A. Fessler, Z. Zhong, T. B. Norris, Nat. Photonics 2020, 14, 143.
- 5J. Gu, B. Chakraborty, M. Khatoniar, V. M. Menon, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 1024.
- 6F. Zhang, H. Lu, J. Tong, J. J. Berry, M. C. Beard, K. Zhu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 1154.
- 7Y. Wang, P. Wu, Z. Wang, M. Luo, F. Zhong, X. Ge, K. Zhang, M. Peng, Y. Ye, Q. Li, H. Ge, J. Ye, T. He, Y. Chen, T. Xu, C. Yu, Y. Wang, Z. Hu, X. Zhou, C. Shan, M. Long, P. Wang, P. Zhou, W. Hu, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2005037.
- 8L. J. Pi, C. G. Hu, W. F. Shen, L. Li, P. Luo, X. Z. Hu, P. Chen, D. Y. Li, Z. X. Li, X. Zhou, T. Y. Zhai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2006774.
- 9K. Kanahashi, J. Pu, T. Takenobu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1902842.
- 10S. H. Ko, Nat. Electron. 2021, 4, 95.
- 11B. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Ding, X. Zhao, L. Zhang, J. Bai, K. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2003732.
- 12J. Liu, F. Yang, L. Cao, B. Li, K. Yuan, S. Lei, W. Hu, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1902264.
- 13X. Zhou, X. Hu, S. Zhou, H. Song, Q. Zhang, L. Pi, L. Li, H. Li, J. Lu, T. Zhai, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1703286.
- 14S. K. Behura, C. Wang, Y. Wen, V. Berry, Nat. Photonics 2019, 13, 312.
- 15D. B. Trivedi, G. Turgut, Y. Qin, M. Y. Sayyad, D. Hajra, M. Howell, L. Liu, S. Yang, N. H. Patoary, H. Li, M. M. Petric, M. Meyer, M. Kremser, M. Barbone, G. Soavi, A. V. Stier, K. Muller, S. Yang, I. S. Esqueda, H. Zhuang, J. J. Finley, S. Tongay, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2006320.
- 16C. Gong, K. Hu, X. Wang, P. Wangyang, C. Yan, J. Chu, M. Liao, L. Dai, T. Zhai, C. Wang, L. Li, J. Xiong, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1706559.
- 17Y. J. Deng, Y. J. Yu, M. Z. Shi, Z. X. Guo, Z. H. Xu, J. Wang, X. H. Chen, Y. B. Zhang, Science 2020, 367, 895.
- 18Z. W. Shu, Q. J. Peng, P. Huang, Z. Xu, A. A. Suleiman, X. W. Zhang, X. D. Bai, X. Zhou, T. Y. Zhai, Matter 2020, 2, 977.
- 19G. Wang, Z. Wang, N. McEvoy, P. Fan, W. J. Blau, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2004070.
- 20P. Yu, Q. Zeng, C. Zhu, L. Zhou, W. Zhao, J. Tong, Z. Liu, G. Yang, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2005607.
- 21X. Yan, D. W. Zhang, C. Liu, W. Bao, S. Wang, S. Ding, G. Zheng, P. Zhou, Adv. Sci. 2018, 5, 1700830.
10.1002/advs.201700830 Google Scholar
- 22J. Kwon, J. C. Shin, H. Ryu, J. Y. Lee, D. Seo, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, Y. D. Kim, J. Hone, C. H. Lee, G. H. Lee, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2003567.
- 23J. Gu, B. Chakraborty, M. Khatoniar, V. M. Menon, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 1024.
- 24B. Huang, M. A. McGuire, A. F. May, D. Xiao, P. Jarillo-Herrero, X. Xu, Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 1276.
- 25L. Zeng, D. Wu, J. Jie, X. Ren, X. Hu, S. P. Lau, Y. Chai, Y. H. Tsang, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2004412.
- 26W. Han, P. Huang, L. Li, F. Wang, P. Luo, K. Liu, X. Zhou, H. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Cui, T. Zhai, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4728.
- 27L. Lv, F. Zhuge, F. Xie, X. Xiong, Q. Zhang, N. Zhang, Y. Huang, T. Zhai, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3331.
- 28L. X. Liu, T. Y. Zhai, InfoMat 2021, 3, 3.
- 29R. Wang, F. Zhou, L. Lv, S. Zhou, Y. Yu, F. Zhuge, H. Li, L. Gan, T. Zhai, CCS Chem. 2019, 1, 448.
- 30H. You, Z. Zhuo, X. Lu, Y. Liu, Y. Guo, W. Wang, H. Yang, X. Wu, H. Li, T. Zhai, CCS Chem. 2019, 1, 396.
- 31X. Z. Hu, P. Huang, B. Jin, X. W. Zhang, H. Q. Li, X. Zhou, T. Y. Zhai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 12909.
- 32J. C. Duan, P. Huang, K. L. Liu, B. Jin, A. A. Suleiman, X. W. Zhang, X. Zhou, T. Y. Zhai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1903216.
- 33S. Park, C. Kim, S. O. Park, N. K. Oh, U. Kim, J. Lee, J. Seo, Y. Yang, H. Y. Lim, S. K. Kwak, G. Kim, H. Park, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2001889.
- 34J. Wan, S. D. Lacey, J. Dai, W. Bao, M. S. Fuhrer, L. Hu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 6742.
- 35M. W. Laipan, L. C. Xiang, J. F. Yu, B. R. Martin, R. L. Zhu, J. X. Zhu, H. P. He, A. Clearfield, L. Y. Sun, Prog. Mater. Sci. 2020, 109, 100631.
- 36Y. Li, Y. Lu, P. Adelhelm, M. M. Titirici, Y. S. Hu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48, 4655.
- 37M. S. Stark, K. L. Kuntz, S. J. Martens, S. C. Warren, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1808213.
- 38N. L. Nair, E. Maniv, C. John, S. Doyle, J. Orenstein, J. G. Analytis, Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 153.
- 39J. Taboada-Gutierrez, G. Alvarez-Perez, J. Duan, W. Ma, K. Crowley, I. Prieto, A. Bylinkin, M. Autore, H. Volkova, K. Kimura, T. Kimura, M. H. Berger, S. Li, Q. Bao, X. P. A. Gao, I. Errea, A. Y. Nikitin, R. Hillenbrand, J. Martin-Sanchez, P. Alonso-Gonzalez, Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 964.
- 40X. Zhao, P. Song, C. Wang, A. C. Riis-Jensen, W. Fu, Y. Deng, D. Wan, L. Kang, S. Ning, J. Dan, T. Venkatesan, Z. Liu, W. Zhou, K. S. Thygesen, X. Luo, S. J. Pennycook, K. P. Loh, Nature 2020, 581, 171.
- 41S. J. R. Tan, I. Abdelwahab, L. Chu, S. M. Poh, Y. Liu, J. Lu, W. Chen, K. P. Loh, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704619.
- 42X. Liu, D. Qu, L. Wang, M. Huang, Y. Yuan, P. Chen, Y. Qu, J. Sun, W. J. Yoo, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2004880.
- 43Y. S. Shin, K. Lee, D. L. Duong, J. S. Kim, W. T. Kang, J. E. Kim, U. Y. Won, I. Lee, H. Lee, J. Heo, Y. H. Lee, W. J. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2003688.
- 44J. Xu, Y. Dou, Z. Wei, J. Ma, Y. Deng, Y. Li, H. Liu, S. Dou, Adv. Sci. 2017, 4, 1700146.
- 45D. Sangian, Y. Ide, Y. Bando, A. E. Rowan, Y. Yamauchi, Small 2018, 1800551.
- 46M. Chhowalla, H. S. Shin, G. Eda, L. J. Li, K. P. Loh, H. Zhang, Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 263.
- 47L. Zhang, H. Nan, X. Zhang, Q. Liang, A. Du, Z. Ni, X. Gu, K. K. Ostrikov, S. Xiao, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 5960.
- 48Y. Gong, H. Yuan, C. L. Wu, P. Tang, S. Z. Yang, A. Yang, G. Li, B. Liu, J. van de Groep, M. L. Brongersma, M. F. Chisholm, S. C. Zhang, W. Zhou, Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 294.
- 49J. Cao, P. He, M. A. Mohammed, X. Zhao, R. J. Young, B. Derby, I. A. Kinloch, R. A. W. Dryfe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 17446.
- 50Y. Zhang, Y. L. Xu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1902171.
- 51C. Liu, Y. B. Li, D. C. Lin, P. C. Hsu, B. F. Liu, G. B. Yan, T. Wu, Y. Cui, S. Chu, Joule 2020, 4, 1459.
- 52A. Iqbal, F. Shahzad, K. Hantanasirisakul, M. K. Kim, J. Kwon, J. Hong, H. Kim, D. Kim, Y. Gogotsi, C. M. Koo, Science 2020, 369, 446.
- 53J. X. Huang, G. Csanyi, J. B. Zhao, J. Cheng, V. L. Deringer, J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 19070.
- 54J. Zhang, J. Sun, Y. Li, F. Shi, Y. Cui, Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 1741.
- 55S. Yang, P. Zhang, A. S. Nia, X. Feng, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1907857.
- 56J. Zhao, X. Zou, Y. Zhu, Y. Xu, C. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 8103.
- 57F. Xiong, H. Wang, X. Liu, J. Sun, M. Brongersma, E. Pop, Y. Cui, Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 6777.
- 58S. Kim, Z. Yao, J. M. Lim, M. C. Hersam, C. Wolverton, V. P. Dravid, K. He, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1804925.
- 59G. Zhu, J. Liu, Q. Zheng, R. Zhang, D. Li, D. Banerjee, D. G. Cahill, Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 13211.
- 60X. Wang, X. Shen, Z. Wang, R. Yu, L. Chen, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 11394.
- 61H. Shi, M. Li, A. Shaygan Nia, M. Wang, S. Park, Z. Zhang, M. R. Lohe, S. Yang, X. Feng, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1907244.
- 62P. Zhang, S. Yang, R. Pineda-Gomez, B. Ibarlucea, J. Ma, M. R. Lohe, T. F. Akbar, L. Baraban, G. Cuniberti, X. Feng, Small 2019, 15, 1901265.
- 63N. Wang, H. Tang, M. Shi, H. Zhang, W. Zhuo, D. Liu, F. Meng, L. Ma, J. Ying, L. Zou, Z. Sun, X. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 17166.
- 64C. Wan, X. Gu, F. Dang, T. Itoh, Y. Wang, H. Sasaki, M. Kondo, K. Koga, K. Yabuki, G. J. Snyder, R. Yang, K. Koumoto, Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 622.
- 65H. Lai, R. He, X. Xu, T. Shi, X. Wan, H. Meng, K. Chen, Y. Zhou, Q. Chen, P. Liu, J. Chen, J. Xu, W. Xie, Nanoscale 2020, 12, 1448.
- 66K. R. Li, T. H. Chang, Q. D. Xie, Y. D. Cheng, H. T. Yang, J. S. Chen, P. Y. Chen, Adv. Electron. Mater. 2019, 5, 1900040.
- 67M. Boota, B. Anasori, C. Voigt, M. Q. Zhao, M. W. Barsoum, Y. Gogotsi, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 1517.
- 68C. Wang, S. Chen, H. Xie, S. Wei, C. Wu, L. Song, Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1802977.
- 69X. Huang, K. Zhang, B. Luo, H. Hu, D. Sun, S. Wang, Y. Hu, T. Lin, Z. Jia, L. Wang, Small 2019, 15, 1804578.
- 70N. I. Kovtyukhova, Y. Wang, R. Lv, M. Terrones, V. H. Crespi, T. E. Mallouk, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 8372.
- 71N. I. Kovtyukhova, N. Perea-Lopez, M. Terrones, T. E. Mallouk, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 6746.
- 72N. Wang, G. Yang, H. Wang, C. Yan, R. Sun, C.-P. Wong, Mater. Today 2019, 27, 33.
- 73K. J. Koski, C. D. Wessells, B. W. Reed, J. J. Cha, D. Kong, Y. Cui, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13773.
- 74K. J. Koski, J. J. Cha, B. W. Reed, C. D. Wessells, D. Kong, Y. Cui, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7584.
- 75M. Wang, I. Al-Dhahir, J. Appiah, K. J. Koski, Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 1650.
- 76J. Yao, K. J. Koski, W. Luo, J. J. Cha, L. Hu, D. Kong, V. K. Narasimhan, K. Huo, Y. Cui, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5670.
- 77M. Wang, D. Williams, G. Lahti, S. Teshima, D. D. Aguilar, R. Perry, K. J. Koski, 2D Mater. 2018, 5, 045005.
- 78Y. Guo, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, X. Zhou, F. Yao, C. Tan, J. Wu, L. Lin, K. Liu, Z. Liu, H. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1703424.
- 79K. P. Chen, F. R. Chung, M. Wang, K. J. Koski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 5431.
- 80M. R. Lukatskaya, O. Mashtalir, C. E. Ren, Y. Dall'Agnese, P. Rozier, P. L. Taberna, M. Naguib, P. Simon, M. W. Barsoum, Y. Gogotsi, Science 2013, 341, 1502.
- 81X. C. Liu, S. Zhao, X. Sun, L. Deng, X. Zou, Y. Hu, Y. X. Wang, C. W. Chu, J. Li, J. Wu, F. S. Ke, P. M. Ajayan, Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaay4092.
- 82X. Fan, P. Xu, D. Zhou, Y. Sun, Y. C. Li, M. A. Nguyen, M. Terrones, T. E. Mallouk, Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5956.
- 83L. Zhu, Q. Y. Li, Y. Y. Lv, S. Li, X. Y. Zhu, Z. Y. Jia, Y. B. Chen, J. Wen, S. C. Li, Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 6585.
- 84Y. Guo, Q. Chen, A. Nie, H. Yang, W. Wang, J. Su, S. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Wang, H. Li, Z. Liu, T. Zhai, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 1635.
- 85L. Peng, Y. Zhu, X. Peng, Z. Fang, W. Chu, Y. Wang, Y. Xie, Y. Li, J. J. Cha, G. Yu, Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6273.
- 86Y. Luo, X. Li, X. Cai, X. Zou, F. Kang, H. M. Cheng, B. Liu, ACS Nano 2018, 12, 4565.
- 87M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, Adv. Phys. 2002, 51, 1.
- 88T. H. Bointon, G. F. Jones, A. De Sanctis, R. Hill-Pearce, M. F. Craciun, S. Russo, Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 16464.
- 89D. Zhan, L. Sun, Z. H. Ni, L. Liu, X. F. Fan, Y. Y. Wang, T. Yu, Y. M. Lam, W. Huang, Z. X. Shen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3504.
- 90W. Zhao, P. H. Tan, J. Liu, A. C. Ferrari, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5941.
- 91M. Xue, G. Chen, H. Yang, Y. Zhu, D. Wang, J. He, T. Cao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6536.
- 92S. Ichinokura, K. Sugawara, A. Takayama, T. Takahashi, S. Hasegawa, ACS Nano 2016, 10, 2761.
- 93T. H. Bointon, I. Khrapach, R. Yakimova, A. V. Shytov, M. F. Craciun, S. Russo, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1751.
- 94H. Kinoshita, I. Jeon, M. Maruyama, K. Kawahara, Y. Terao, D. Ding, R. Matsumoto, Y. Matsuo, S. Okada, H. Ago, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702141.
- 95I. Khrapach, F. Withers, T. H. Bointon, D. K. Polyushkin, W. L. Barnes, S. Russo, M. F. Craciun, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 2844.
- 96C. Zhou, Y. Yu, X. Zhang, Y. Cheng, J. Xu, Y. K. Lee, B. Yoo, O. Cojocaru-Mirédin, G. Liu, S. P. Cho, M. Wuttig, T. Hyeon, I. Chung, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1908405.
- 97A. E. Mansour, A. R. Kirmani, S. Barlow, S. R. Marder, A. Amassian, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 20020.
- 98J. Yuhara, N. Isobe, K. Nishino, Y. Fujii, L. H. Chan, M. Araidai, M. Nakatake, J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123, 22293.
- 99Y. Yu, G. Li, L. Huang, A. Barrette, Y. Q. Cai, Y. Yu, K. Gundogdu, Y. W. Zhang, L. Cao, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 9390.
- 100J. L. Zhang, S. Zhao, S. Sun, H. Ding, J. Hu, Y. Li, Q. Xu, X. Yu, M. Telychko, J. Su, C. Gu, Y. Zheng, X. Lian, Z. Ma, R. Guo, J. Lu, Z. Sun, J. Zhu, Z. Li, W. Chen, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 3687.
- 101M. Schulzendorf, A. Hinaut, M. Kisiel, R. Johr, R. Pawlak, P. Restuccia, E. Meyer, M. C. Righi, T. Glatzel, ACS Nano 2019, 13, 5485.
- 102G. Li, L. Zhang, W. Xu, J. Pan, S. Song, Y. Zhang, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Bao, Y. Y. Zhang, S. Du, M. Ouyang, S. T. Pantelides, H. J. Gao, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1804650.
- 103R. Sun, S. Jin, L. Gu, Q. Zhang, Q. Huang, T. Ying, Y. Peng, J. Deng, Z. Yin, X. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 13849.
- 104H. Zhu, C. Xiao, H. Cheng, F. Grote, X. Zhang, T. Yao, Z. Li, C. Wang, S. Wei, Y. Lei, Y. Xie, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3960.
- 105J. Chen, X. L. Fan, X. Ji, T. Gao, S. Hou, X. Q. Zhou, L. N. Wang, F. Wang, C. Y. Yang, L. Chen, C. S. Wang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 1218.
- 106O. E. Parfenov, D. V. Averyanov, A. M. Tokmachev, I. S. Sokolov, I. A. Karateev, A. N. Taldenkov, V. G. Storchak, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 8.
- 107Q. Chen, L. Liang, G. Potsi, P. Wan, J. Lu, T. Giousis, E. Thomou, D. Gournis, P. Rudolf, J. Ye, Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 1520.
- 108K. Lasek, P. M. Coelho, K. Zberecki, Y. Xin, S. K. Kolekar, J. Li, M. Batzill, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 8473.
- 109W. Bao, J. Wan, X. Han, X. Cai, H. Zhu, D. Kim, D. Ma, Y. Xu, J. N. Munday, H. D. Drew, M. S. Fuhrer, L. Hu, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4224.
- 110J. Zhang, A. Yang, X. Wu, J. van de Groep, P. Tang, S. Li, B. Liu, F. Shi, J. Wan, Q. Li, Y. Sun, Z. Lu, X. Zheng, G. Zhou, C. L. Wu, S. C. Zhang, M. L. Brongersma, J. Li, Y. Cui, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 5289.
- 111R. Addou, L. Colombo, R. M. Wallace, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 11921.
- 112J. Wang, A. Rousseau, M. Yang, T. Low, S. Francoeur, S. Kena-Cohen, Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 3651.
- 113X. Zong, H. Hu, G. Ouyang, J. Wang, R. Shi, L. Zhang, Q. Zeng, C. Zhu, S. Chen, C. Cheng, B. Wang, H. Zhang, Z. Liu, W. Huang, T. Wang, L. Wang, X. Chen, Light-Sci. Appl. 2020, 9, 114.
- 114C. Chen, X. Lu, B. Deng, X. Chen, Q. Guo, C. Li, C. Ma, S. Yuan, E. Sung, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, L. Yang, F. Xia, Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaay6134.
- 115Q. Zhou, H. Zhou, W. Tao, Y. Zheng, Y. Chen, H. Zhu, Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 8212.
- 116A. Gao, J. Lai, Y. Wang, Z. Zhu, J. Zeng, G. Yu, N. Wang, W. Chen, T. Cao, W. Hu, D. Sun, X. Chen, F. Miao, Y. Shi, X. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 217.
- 117J. Pei, X. Gai, J. Yang, X. Wang, Z. Yu, D. Y. Choi, B. Luther-Davies, Y. Lu, Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 10450.
- 118C. R. Ryder, J. D. Wood, S. A. Wells, Y. Yang, D. Jariwala, T. J. Marks, G. C. Schatz, M. C. Hersam, Nat. Chem. 2016, 8, 597.
- 119W. W. Xia, Q. B. Zhang, F. Xu, H. Y. Ma, J. Chen, K. Qasim, B. H. Ge, C. Y. Zhu, L. T. Sun, J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 5861.
- 120J. Sun, H. W. Lee, M. Pasta, H. Yuan, G. Zheng, Y. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 980.
- 121J. Sun, G. Zheng, H. W. Lee, N. Liu, H. Wang, H. Yao, W. Yang, Y. Cui, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 4573.
- 122S. Kim, J. Cui, V. P. Dravid, K. He, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1904623.
- 123C. Wang, Q. He, U. Halim, Y. Liu, E. Zhu, Z. Lin, H. Xiao, X. Duan, Z. Feng, R. Cheng, N. O. Weiss, G. Ye, Y. C. Huang, H. Wu, H. C. Cheng, I. Shakir, L. Liao, X. Chen, W. A. I. Goddard, III, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Nature 2018, 555, 231.
- 124L. Li, Y. Yu, G. J. Ye, Q. Ge, X. Ou, H. Wu, D. Feng, X. H. Chen, Y. Zhang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 372.
- 125A. N. Rudenko, S. Brener, M. I. Katsnelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 116, 246401.
- 126H. Liu, A. T. Neal, Z. Zhu, Z. Luo, X. Xu, D. Tomanek, P. D. Ye, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 4033.
- 127L. Li, J. Kim, C. Jin, G. J. Ye, D. Y. Qiu, F. H. da Jornada, Z. Shi, L. Chen, Z. Zhang, F. Yang, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, W. Ren, S. G. Louie, X. H. Chen, Y. Zhang, F. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 21.
- 128A. Castellanos-Gomez, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 4280.
- 129Q. He, Z. Lin, M. Ding, A. Yin, U. Halim, C. Wang, Y. Liu, H. C. Cheng, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 6819.
- 130Y. He, Q. He, L. Wang, C. Zhu, P. Golani, A. D. Handoko, X. Yu, C. Gao, M. Ding, X. Wang, F. Liu, Q. Zeng, P. Yu, S. Guo, B. I. Yakobson, L. Wang, Z. W. Seh, Z. Zhang, M. Wu, Q. J. Wang, H. Zhang, Z. Liu, Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 1098.
- 131M. Azhagurajan, T. Kajita, T. Itoh, Y. G. Kim, K. Itaya, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 3355.
- 132X. Wang, Z. Yao, S. Hwang, Y. Pan, H. Dong, M. Fu, N. Li, K. Sun, H. Gan, Y. Yao, A. Aspuru-Guzik, Q. Xu, D. Su, ACS Nano 2019, 13, 9421.
- 133R. Shao, S. Chen, Z. Dou, J. Zhang, X. Ma, R. Zhu, J. Xu, P. Gao, D. Yu, Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 6094.
- 134K. Kanetani, K. Sugawara, T. Sato, R. Shimizu, K. Iwaya, T. Hitosugi, T. Takahashi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 19610.
- 135F. P. Campana, R. Kotz, J. Vetter, P. Novak, H. Siegenthaler, Electrochem. Commun. 2005, 7, 107.
- 136Z. Lin, Y. Liu, U. Halim, M. Ding, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Jia, P. Chen, X. Duan, C. Wang, F. Song, M. Li, C. Wan, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Nature 2018, 562, 254.
- 137Z. Hu, Z. Wu, C. Han, J. He, Z. Ni, W. Chen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 3100.
- 138W. L. Chow, P. Yu, F. Liu, J. Hong, X. Wang, Q. Zeng, C. H. Hsu, C. Zhu, J. Zhou, X. Wang, J. Xia, J. Yan, Y. Chen, D. Wu, T. Yu, Z. Shen, H. Lin, C. Jin, B. K. Tay, Z. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1602969.
- 139J. Pak, Y. Jang, J. Byun, K. Cho, T. Y. Kim, J. K. Kim, B. Y. Choi, J. Shin, Y. Hong, S. Chung, T. Lee, ACS Nano 2018, 12, 7109.
- 140M. S. Chae, T. H. Lee, K. R. Son, Y. W. Kim, K. S. Hwang, T. G. Kim, Nanoscale Horiz. 2019, 4, 610.
- 141S. Lei, X. Wang, B. Li, J. Kang, Y. He, A. George, L. Ge, Y. Gong, P. Dong, Z. Jin, G. Brunetto, W. Chen, Z. T. Lin, R. Baines, D. S. Galvao, J. Lou, E. Barrera, K. Banerjee, R. Vajtai, P. Ajayan, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 465.
- 142Y. Wang, J. Balgley, E. Gerber, M. Gray, N. Kumar, X. Lu, J. Q. Yan, A. Fereidouni, R. Basnet, S. J. Yun, D. Suri, H. Kitadai, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, X. Ling, J. Moodera, Y. H. Lee, H. O. H. Churchill, J. Hu, L. Yang, E. A. Kim, D. G. Mandrus, E. A. Henriksen, K. S. Burch, Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 8446.
- 143X. Zhang, Z. Shao, X. Zhang, Y. He, J. Jie, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 10409.
- 144H. Jang, Y. Seok, Y. Choi, S. H. Cho, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. Lee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 31, 2006788.
- 145L. J. Li, E. C. O'Farrell, K. P. Loh, G. Eda, B. Ozyilmaz, A. H. Castro Neto, Nature 2016, 529, 185.
- 146S. Zhao, Z. Zhou, B. Peng, M. Zhu, M. Feng, Q. Yang, Y. Yan, W. Ren, Z. G. Ye, Y. Liu, M. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606478.
- 147Y. Chen, W. Xing, X. Wang, B. Shen, W. Yuan, T. Su, Y. Ma, Y. Yao, J. Zhong, Y. Yun, X. C. Xie, S. Jia, W. Han, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 1383.
- 148S. Zhao, L. Wang, Z. Zhou, C. Li, G. Dong, L. Zhang, B. Peng, T. Min, Z. Hu, J. Ma, W. Ren, Z. G. Ye, W. Chen, P. Yu, C. W. Nan, M. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1801639.
- 149J. Lieb, V. Demontis, D. Prete, D. Ercolani, V. Zannier, L. Sorba, S. Ono, F. Beltram, B. Sacepe, F. Rossella, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1804378.
- 150R. Matsumoto, Y. Okabe, Synth. Met. 2016, 212, 62.
- 151A. I. Smith, H. V. Wladkowski, Z. H. Hecht, Y. Q. She, S. Kattel, P. I. Samarawickrama, S. R. Rich, J. R. Murphy, J. F. Tian, J. F. Ackerman, W. D. Rice, E. B. Hulley, B. M. Leonard, Chem. Mater. 2020, 32, 10482.
- 152S. Najmaei, C. E. Ekuma, A. A. Wilson, A. C. Leff, M. Dubey, Mater. Today 2020, 39, 110.
- 153H. An, T. Habib, S. Shah, H. Gao, M. Radovic, M. J. Green, J. L. Lutkenhaus, Sci. Adv. 2018, 4, eaaq0118.
- 154J. Pang, R. G. Mendes, A. Bachmatiuk, L. Zhao, H. Q. Ta, T. Gemming, H. Liu, Z. Liu, M. H. Rummeli, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48, 72.
- 155C. F. Zhang, V. Nicolosi, Energy Storage Mater. 2019, 16, 102.
- 156E. S. Muckley, M. Naguib, H. W. Wang, L. Vlcek, N. C. Osti, R. L. Sacci, X. Sang, R. R. Unocic, Y. Xie, M. Tyagi, E. Mamontov, K. L. Page, P. R. C. Kent, J. Nanda, I. N. Ivanov, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 11118.
- 157M. Ghidiu, S. Kota, J. Halim, A. W. Sherwood, N. Nedfors, J. Rosen, V. N. Mochalin, M. W. Barsoum, Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 1099.
- 158J. L. Hart, K. Hantanasirisakul, A. C. Lang, B. Anasori, D. Pinto, Y. Pivak, J. T. van Omme, S. J. May, Y. Gogotsi, M. L. Taheri, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 522.
- 159B. Anasori, C. Shi, E. J. Moon, Y. Xie, C. A. Voigt, P. R. C. Kent, S. J. May, S. J. L. Billinge, M. W. Barsoum, Y. Gogotsi, Nanoscale Horiz. 2016, 1, 227.
- 160W. He, H. Zang, S. Cai, Z. Mu, C. Liu, M. Ding, P. Wang, X. Wang, Nano Res. 2020, 13, 2917.
- 161Y. Yu, M. Cagnoni, O. Cojocaru-Miredin, M. Wuttig, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1904862.
- 162J. Zhang, D. Wu, D. He, D. Feng, M. Yin, X. Qin, J. He, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1703148.
- 163Y. Zhou, L. D. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702676.
- 164G. Qiu, S. Huang, M. Segovia, P. K. Venuthurumilli, Y. Wang, W. Wu, X. Xu, P. D. Ye, Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 1955.
- 165G. Tan, L. D. Zhao, M. G. Kanatzidis, Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 12123.
- 166C. Zhou, Y. Yu, Y. K. Lee, O. Cojocaru-Miredin, B. Yoo, S. P. Cho, J. Im, M. Wuttig, T. Hyeon, I. Chung, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 15535.
- 167T. Zhu, Y. Liu, C. Fu, J. P. Heremans, J. G. Snyder, X. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1605884.
- 168C. L. Wan, Y. F. Wang, N. Wang, W. Norimatsu, M. Kusunoki, K. Koumoto, J. Electron. Mater. 2011, 40, 1271.
- 169J. Poater, M. Duran, M. Sola, B. Silvi, Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 3911.
- 170Y. Shu, X. Su, H. Xie, G. Zheng, W. Liu, Y. Yan, T. Luo, X. Yang, D. Yang, C. Uher, X. Tang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 15793.
- 171F. Li, Z. H. Zheng, Y. W. Li, W. T. Wang, J. F. Li, B. Li, A. H. Zhong, J. T. Luo, P. Fan, J. Mater. Sci. 2017, 52, 10506.
- 172Y. Xiong, G. Zhou, N. C. Lai, X. Wang, Y. C. Lu, O. V. Prezhdo, D. Xu, ACS Nano 2021, 15, 2791.
- 173I. T. Belash, A. D. Bronnikov, O. V. Zharikov, A. V. Pal'nichenko, Solid State Commun. 1989, 69, 921.
- 174T. E. Weller, M. Ellerby, S. S. Saxena, R. P. Smith, N. T. Skipper, Nat. Phys. 2005, 1, 39.
- 175R. Zhang, J. Waters, A. K. Geim, I. V. Grigorieva, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15036.
- 176J. J. Ying, X. F. Wang, X. G. Luo, A. F. Wang, M. Zhang, Y. J. Yan, Z. J. Xiang, R. H. Liu, P. Cheng, G. J. Ye, X. H. Chen, Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 212502.
- 177P. P. Kong, J. L. Zhang, S. J. Zhang, J. Zhu, Q. Q. Liu, R. C. Yu, Z. Fang, C. Q. Jin, W. G. Yang, X. H. Yu, J. L. Zhu, Y. S. Zhao, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2013, 25, 362204.
- 178B. Rendenbach, T. Hohl, S. Harm, C. Hoch, D. Johrendt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 3043.
- 179Q. Bao, K. P. Loh, ACS Nano 2012, 6, 3677.
- 180Y. Song, W. J. Fang, R. Brenes, J. Kong, Nano Today 2015, 10, 681.
- 181A. G. Ricciardulli, S. Yang, G. J. A. H. Wetzelaer, X. L. Feng, P. W. M. Blom, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1706010.
- 182J. Yu, A. A. Suleiman, Z. Zheng, X. Zhou, T. Y. Zhai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 8.
- 183L. Li, J. Kim, C. Jin, G. J. Ye, D. Y. Qiu, F. H. da Jornada, Z. Shi, L. Chen, Z. Zhang, F. Yang, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, W. Ren, S. G. Louie, X. H. Chen, Y. Zhang, F. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 21.
- 184J. S. Ross, S. Wu, H. Yu, N. J. Ghimire, A. M. Jones, G. Aivazian, J. Yan, D. G. Mandrus, D. Xiao, W. Yao, X. Xu, Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1474.
- 185K. F. Mak, K. He, C. Lee, G. H. Lee, J. Hone, T. F. Heinz, J. Shan, Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 207.
- 186K. Hao, J. F. Specht, P. Nagler, L. Xu, K. Tran, A. Singh, C. K. Dass, C. Schuller, T. Korn, M. Richter, A. Knorr, X. Li, G. Moody, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15552.
- 187M. Barbone, A. R. Montblanch, D. M. Kara, C. Palacios-Berraquero, A. R. Cadore, D. De Fazio, B. Pingault, E. Mostaani, H. Li, B. Chen, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Tongay, G. Wang, A. C. Ferrari, M. Atature, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3721.
- 188Y. Zhou, G. Scuri, D. S. Wild, A. A. High, A. Dibos, L. A. Jauregui, C. Shu, K. De Greve, K. Pistunova, A. Y. Joe, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, P. Kim, M. D. Lukin, H. Park, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 856.
- 189A. Mukherjee, K. Shayan, L. Li, J. Shan, K. F. Mak, A. N. Vamivakas, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 5502.
- 190T. P. Lyons, D. Gillard, A. Molina-Sanchez, A. Misra, F. Withers, P. S. Keatley, A. Kozikov, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. S. Novoselov, J. Fernandez-Rossier, A. I. Tartakovskii, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 6021.
- 191Y. Kim, D. Lee, J. Seong, B. Bak, U. H. Choi, J. Kim, Nano Energy 2021, 84, 105925.
- 192J. Y. Hong, W. Kim, D. Choi, J. Kong, H. S. Park, ACS Nano 2016, 10, 9446.
- 193Z. K. Liu, P. You, C. Xie, G. Q. Tang, F. Yan, Nano Energy 2016, 28, 151.
- 194B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S. C. Zhang, Science 2006, 314, 1757.
- 195X. A. Zhang, J. Wang, S. C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 5.
- 196D. W. Shin, M. D. Barnes, K. Walsh, D. Dimov, P. Tian, A. I. S. Neves, C. D. Wright, S. M. Yu, J. B. Yoo, S. Russo, M. F. Craciun, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1802953.
- 197Z. G. Huang, X. M. Song, S. H. Zhong, H. Y. Xu, W. X. Luo, X. D. Zhu, W. Z. Shen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 1892.
- 198S. Chen, Y. J. Wang, Q. P. Liu, G. Z. Shi, Z. K. Liu, K. Y. Lu, L. Han, X. F. Ling, H. Zhang, S. Cheng, W. L. Ma, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1701194.
- 199H. L. Chen, A. Cattoni, R. De Lepinau, A. W. Walker, O. Hohn, D. Lackner, G. Siefer, M. Faustini, N. Vandamme, J. Goffard, B. Behaghell, C. Dupuis, N. Bardou, F. Dimroth, S. Collin, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 761.
- 200X. Lu, P. Jiang, X. Bao, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 138.
- 201F. Peng, F. Meng, Y. Guo, H. Wang, F. Huang, Z. Zhou, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 16744.
- 202X. D. Yang, C. Lu, X. X. Wang, B. L. Wang, G. X. Ge, G. H. Wang, J. G. Wan, J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 17800.
- 203P. D. Wang, R. Khan, Z. F. Liu, B. Zhang, Y. L. Li, S. Wang, Y. B. Wu, H. G. Zhu, Y. Liu, G. B. Zhang, D. Y. Liu, S. M. Chen, L. Song, Z. Sun, Nano Res. 2020, 13, 353.
- 204R. He, Z. Chen, H. Lai, T. Zhang, J. Wen, H. Chen, F. Xie, S. Yue, P. Liu, J. Chen, W. Xie, X. Wang, J. Xu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 15741.
- 205X. Q. Yu, C. Sun, B. W. Liu, M. S. Wang, G. C. Guo, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1179.
- 206S. Ohkoshi, H. Tokoro, K. Hashimoto, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2005, 249, 1830.
- 207X. Y. Lv, M. S. Wang, C. Yang, G. E. Wang, S. H. Wang, R. G. Lin, G. C. Guo, Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 4015.
- 208Y. Wang, J. Z. Ou, S. Balendhran, A. F. Chrimes, M. Mortazavi, D. D. Yao, M. R. Field, K. Latham, V. Bansal, J. R. Friend, S. Zhuiykov, N. V. Medhekar, M. S. Strano, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, ACS Nano 2013, 7, 10083.
- 209R. Dhall, M. R. Neupane, D. Wickramaratne, M. Mecklenburg, Z. Li, C. Moore, R. K. Lake, S. Cronin, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1573.
- 210K. F. Mak, C. Lee, J. Hone, J. Shan, T. F. Heinz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 136805.
- 211Q. H. Wang, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, A. Kis, J. N. Coleman, M. S. Strano, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 699.
- 212L. Jiao, W. J. Jie, Z. B. Yang, Y. H. Wang, Z. W. Chen, X. Zhang, W. H. Tang, Z. P. Wu, J. H. Hao, J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 2522.
- 213C. J. Docherty, P. Parkinson, H. J. Joyce, M. H. Chiu, C. H. Chen, M. Y. Lee, L. J. Li, L. M. Herz, M. B. Johnston, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 11147.
- 214H. Wang, C. Zhang, F. Rana, Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 339.