Review
Nanotechnology-Assisted RNA Delivery: From Nucleic Acid Therapeutics to COVID-19 Vaccines
Chiara Rinoldi,
Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian,
Pawel Nakielski,
Xiaoran Li,
Anna Liguori,
Francesca Petronella,
Dario Presutti,
Qiusheng Wang,
Marco Costantini,
Luciano De Sio,
Chiara Gualandi,
Bin Ding,
Filippo Pierini,
Chiara Rinoldi
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorSeyed Shahrooz Zargarian
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorPawel Nakielski
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorXiaoran Li
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorAnna Liguori
Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Petronella
Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo – Rome, 00015 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorDario Presutti
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorQiusheng Wang
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Costantini
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorLuciano De Sio
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Research Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina, 04100 Italy
CNR-Lab. Licryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorChiara Gualandi
Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126 Italy
Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, 40136 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorBin Ding
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Filippo Pierini
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChiara Rinoldi,
Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian,
Pawel Nakielski,
Xiaoran Li,
Anna Liguori,
Francesca Petronella,
Dario Presutti,
Qiusheng Wang,
Marco Costantini,
Luciano De Sio,
Chiara Gualandi,
Bin Ding,
Filippo Pierini,
Chiara Rinoldi
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorSeyed Shahrooz Zargarian
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorPawel Nakielski
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorXiaoran Li
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorAnna Liguori
Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Petronella
Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29.300, Monterotondo – Rome, 00015 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorDario Presutti
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorQiusheng Wang
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Costantini
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224 Poland
Search for more papers by this authorLuciano De Sio
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Research Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina, 04100 Italy
CNR-Lab. Licryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorChiara Gualandi
Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126 Italy
Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Bologna, 40136 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorBin Ding
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, West Yan'an Road 1882, Shanghai, 200051 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Filippo Pierini
Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In recent years, the main quest of science has been the pioneering of the groundbreaking biomedical strategies needed for achieving a personalized medicine. Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are outstanding bioactive macromolecules identified as pivotal actors in regulating a wide range of biochemical pathways. The ability to intimately control the cell fate and tissue activities makes RNA-based drugs the most fascinating family of bioactive agents. However, achieving a widespread application of RNA therapeutics in humans is still a challenging feat, due to both the instability of naked RNA and the presence of biological barriers aimed at hindering the entrance of RNA into cells. Recently, material scientists’ enormous efforts have led to the development of various classes of nanostructured carriers customized to overcome these limitations. This work systematically reviews the current advances in developing the next generation of drugs based on nanotechnology-assisted RNA delivery. The features of the most used RNA molecules are presented, together with the development strategies and properties of nanostructured vehicles. Also provided is an in-depth overview of various therapeutic applications of the presented systems, including coronavirus disease vaccines and the newest trends in the field. Lastly, emerging challenges and future perspectives for nanotechnology-mediated RNA therapies are discussed.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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