Review
3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Design, Synthesis to Applications in Optoelectronics
Wei Huang,
Weifeng Zhang,
Shuai Yang,
Liping Wang,
Gui Yu,
Wei Huang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorWeifeng Zhang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorShuai Yang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Liping Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gui Yu
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorWei Huang,
Weifeng Zhang,
Shuai Yang,
Liping Wang,
Gui Yu,
Wei Huang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorWeifeng Zhang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorShuai Yang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Liping Wang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gui Yu
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of crystalline materials connected by covalent bonds, have been developed rapidly in the past decades. However, the research on COFs is mainly focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, and the research on three-dimensional (3D) COFs is still in the initial stage. In 2D COFs, the covalent bonds exist only in the 2D flakes and can form 1D channels, which hinder the charge transport to some extent. In contrast, 3D COFs have a more complex pore structure and thus exhibit higher specific surface area and richer active sites, which greatly enhance the 3D charge carrier transport. Therefore, compared to 2D COFs, 3D COFs have stronger applicability in energy storage and conversion, sensing, and optoelectronics. In this review, it is first introduced the design principles for 3D COFs, and in particular summarize the development of conjugated building blocks in 3D COFs, with a special focus on their application in optoelectronics. Subsequently, the preparation of 3D COF powders and thin films and methods to improve the stability and functionalization of 3D COFs are summarized. Moreover, the applications of 3D COFs in electronics are outlined. Finally, conclusions and future research directions for 3D COFs are presented.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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