Thai herbal antipyretic 22 formula (APF22) inhibits UVA-mediated melanogenesis through activation of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant defense
Tasanee Onkoksoong
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorSaowanee Jeayeng
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorNaravat Poungvarin
Department of Clinical Pathology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorSaowalak Limsaengurai
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorOnusa Thamsermsang
Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorPinpat Tripatara
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorPravit Akarasereenont
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Uraiwan Panich
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Correspondence
Uraiwan Panich, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd., Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorTasanee Onkoksoong
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorSaowanee Jeayeng
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorNaravat Poungvarin
Department of Clinical Pathology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorSaowalak Limsaengurai
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorOnusa Thamsermsang
Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorPinpat Tripatara
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorPravit Akarasereenont
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Uraiwan Panich
Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
Correspondence
Uraiwan Panich, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Rd., Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Thai herbal antipyretic 22 formula (APF22), a polyherbal formula, has been traditionally used to treat dermatologic problems including hyperpigmentation. Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet A (UVA) causes abnormal melanin production induced by photooxidative stress. This study thus aimed to investigate the protective effects of APF22 extracts and phenolic compounds, ferulic acid (FA), and gallic acid (GA; used as positive control and reference compounds), on melanogenesis through modulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling and antioxidant defenses in mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells exposed to UVA. Our results revealed that the APF22 extracts, FA, and GA reduced melanin synthesis as well as activity and protein levels of tyrosinase in UVA-irradiated B16F10 cells. Moreover, APF22 extracts and both FA and GA were able to activate Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling and promote antioxidant defenses including glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and the glutathione-S-transferase at both mRNA and enzyme activity levels in irradiated cells. In conclusion, APF22 extracts suppressed UVA-mediated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells possibly via redox mechanisms involving activation of Nrf2 signaling and upregulation of antioxidant defenses. Moreover, pharmacological action of the APF22 extracts may be attributed to the phenolic compounds, FA, and GA, probably serving as the APF22's active compounds.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
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| ptr6083-sup-0001-Supplementary_ Material_Panich U_Phytother Res.docxWord 2007 document , 237.2 KB |
Figure S1. APF22 extracts (30 μg/ml), FA (5 μg/ml) and GA (5 μg/ml) alone did not alter the melanin content and tyrosinase activity in non-irradiated B16F10 cells. After pretreatment of the cells with test compounds for 30 min, cells were washed and further incubated in serum-free medium for 1 h without UVA irradiation. Cells were then harvested and assayed for melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Data are presented as the mean percentage relative to control (100%, non-irradiated and untreated cells) ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Figure S2. APF22 extracts (30 μg/ml), FA (5 μg/ml) and GA (5 μg/ml) alone did not affect enzyme activities of CAT, GPx and GST and transactivation of Nrf2 in non-irradiated B16F10 cells. After pretreatment of the cells with test compounds alone for 30 min without UV irradiation, cells were washed and further incubated in serum-free medium for 6 and 1 h for determination of enzyme activities and Nrf2-ARE activity, respectively. Data are presented as the mean percentage relative to control (100%, non-irradiated and untreated cells) ± SD from at least three independent experiments. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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