Chemical exchange sensitive MRI of glucose uptake using xylose as a contrast agent
Jicheng Wang
Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMitsuhiro Fukuda
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJulius Juhyun Chung
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPing Wang
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tao Jin
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Correspondence
Tao Jin, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 E Carson Street, Room 156, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJicheng Wang
Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMitsuhiro Fukuda
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJulius Juhyun Chung
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPing Wang
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tao Jin
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Correspondence
Tao Jin, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 E Carson Street, Room 156, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
National Institutes of Health; Grant Nos. NS100703 and EB003324
Abstract
Purpose
Glucose and its analogs can be detected by CEST and chemical exchange spin-lock (CESL) MRI techniques, but sensitivity is still a bottleneck for human applications. Here, CESL and CEST sensitivity and the effect of injection on baseline physiology were evaluated for a glucose analog, xylose.
Methods
The CEST and CESL sensitivity were evaluated at 9.4 T in phantoms and by in vivo rat experiments with 0.5 and 1 g/kg xylose injections. Arterial blood glucose level was sampled before and after 1 g/kg xylose injection. The effect of injection on baseline neuronal activity was measured by electrophysiology data during injections of saline, xylose, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
Results
In phantoms, xylose shows similar chemical exchange sensitivity and pH-dependence with that of glucose. In rat experiments with a bolus injection, CESL shows higher sensitivity in the detection of xylose than CEST, and the sensitivity of xylose is much higher than glucose. Injection of xylose does not significantly affect blood glucose level and baseline neural activity for 1-g/kg and 0.6-g/kg doses, respectively.
Conclusion
Due to its relatively high sensitivity and safety, xylose is a promising contrast agent for the study of glucose uptake.
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