Accelerating chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI with parallel blind compressed sensing
Huajun She
Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorJoshua S. Greer
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorShu Zhang
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorBian Li
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorAnanth J. Madhuranthakam
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorIvan E. Dimitrov
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, Florida
Search for more papers by this authorRobert E. Lenkinski
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Elena Vinogradov
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Correspondence
Elena Vinogradov, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHuajun She
Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorJoshua S. Greer
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorShu Zhang
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorBian Li
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorAnanth J. Madhuranthakam
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorIvan E. Dimitrov
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, Florida
Search for more papers by this authorRobert E. Lenkinski
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Elena Vinogradov
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Correspondence
Elena Vinogradov, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: NIH (R21 EB020245) and CPRIT (RP180031) and the University of Texas Southwestern Radiology Research fund
Correction added after online publication 26 November 2018. The authors have changed the order of affiliations 1 and 2.
Correction added after online publication 27 August 2018. The authors have changed the order of Huajun She’s affiliations.
Abstract
Purpose
Chemical exchange saturation transfer is a novel and promising MRI contrast method, but it can be time-consuming. Common parallel imaging methods, like SENSE, can lead to reduced quality of CEST. Here, parallel blind compressed sensing (PBCS), combining blind compressed sensing (BCS) and parallel imaging, is evaluated for the acceleration of CEST in brain and breast.
Methods
The CEST data were collected in phantoms, brain (N = 3), and breast (N = 2). Retrospective Cartesian undersampling was implemented and the reconstruction results of PBCS-CEST were compared with BCS-CEST and k-t sparse-SENSE CEST. The normalized RMSE and the high-frequency error norm were used for quantitative comparison.
Results
In phantom and in vivo brain experiments, the acceleration factor of R = 10 (24 k-space lines) was achieved and in breast R = 5 (30 k-space lines), without compromising the quality of the PBCS-reconstructed magnetization transfer rate asymmetry maps and Z-spectra. Parallel BCS provides better reconstruction quality when compared with BCS, k-t sparse-SENSE, and SENSE methods using the same number of samples. Parallel BCS overperforms BCS, indicating that the inclusion of coil sensitivity improves the reconstruction of the CEST data.
Conclusion
The PBCS method accelerates CEST without compromising its quality. Compressed sensing in combination with parallel imaging can provide a valuable alternative to parallel imaging alone for accelerating CEST experiments.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the supporting information tab for this article.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| mrm27400-sup-0001-FigS1-S18.docxWord document, 12 MB |
FIGURE S1 Illustration of the central idea of BCS: Temporal bases decomposition of the desired reconstructed CEST image series FIGURE S2 Comparison of the MTRasym maps reconstructed with fully sampled (left top corner), PBCS (second column), BCS (third column), and k-t sparse SENSE (fourth column) at reduction factors R = 5 in a phantom containing Iopamidol tubes with different pH values (6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0). FIGURE S3 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment using long saturation (2 seconds). FIGURE S4 Further analysis of the in vivo brain CEST experimental results shown in Supporting Information Figure S3. FIGURE S5 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment using short saturation (0.5 seconds). FIGURE S6 Further analysis of the in vivo brain CEST experimental results shown in Supporting Information Figure S5. FIGURE S7 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment using long saturation (2 seconds). FIGURE S8 Further analysis of the in vivo brain CEST experimental results shown in Supporting Information Figure S7. FIGURE S9 The results of in vivo human breast CEST experiment using short saturation (0.5 seconds). FIGURE S10 Further analysis of the in vivo breast CEST experimental results shown in Supporting Information Figure S9. Figure S11 The results of in vivo human breast CEST experiment using short saturation (0.5 seconds). FIGURE S12 Further analysis of the in vivo breast CEST experimental results shown in Supporting Information Figure S11. FIGURE S13 A, The MTRasym maps of fully sampled, k-t sparse SENSE and spatial-temporal constraint reconstruction (STCR) reconstruction for the 3 saturation power levels: 1.6 μT, 1.2 μT, and 0.7 μT using reduction factor R = 10. FIGURE S14 The SENSE reconstruction results using the uniform sampling pattern and reduction factors R = 2 and 4. FIGURE S15 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment using turbo spin echo (TSE). FIGURE S16 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment using TFE. FIGURE S17 The results of in vivo human brain CEST experiment TFE with 2 averaged signals. FIGURE S18 A small acquisition matrix size phantom experiment using TSE factor = 64, FOV = 192 × 192 mm, matrix = 128 × 128, slice thickness = 4 mm, TE = 6.4 ms, and the rest of the acquisition parameters is the same as Figure 2. |
, where U is the coefficient matrix, V is the temporal bases function matrix, 
is the number of images of the image series, and 
is the number of temporal bases.Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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