Motion-tolerant diffusion mapping based on single-shot overlapping-echo detachment (OLED) planar imaging
Lingceng Ma
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCongbo Cai
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Department of Communication Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongyi Yang
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Search for more papers by this authorShuhui Cai
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorJunchao Qian
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Search for more papers by this authorLizhi Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Kai Zhong
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Correspondence to: Zhong Chen, Ph.D., Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. E-mail: [email protected]; and Kai Zhong, Ph.D., High Magnet Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhong Chen
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence to: Zhong Chen, Ph.D., Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. E-mail: [email protected]; and Kai Zhong, Ph.D., High Magnet Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorLingceng Ma
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCongbo Cai
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Department of Communication Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongyi Yang
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Search for more papers by this authorShuhui Cai
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorJunchao Qian
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Search for more papers by this authorLizhi Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Kai Zhong
High Magnet Field Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
Correspondence to: Zhong Chen, Ph.D., Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. E-mail: [email protected]; and Kai Zhong, Ph.D., High Magnet Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhong Chen
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence to: Zhong Chen, Ph.D., Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. E-mail: [email protected]; and Kai Zhong, Ph.D., High Magnet Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorGrant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China; grant numbers U1632274, 81671674, 11474236, and 41130417.
Abstract
Purpose
A new diffusion-mapping method based on single-shot overlapping-echo detachment (DM-OLED) planar-imaging sequence, along with a corresponding separation algorithm, is proposed to achieve reliable quantitative diffusion mapping in a single shot. The method can resist the effects of motion and help in detecting the quick variation of diffusion under different physiological status.
Methods
The echo-planar imaging method is combined with two excitation pulses with small flip angle to gain overlapping-echo signal in a single shot. Then the overlapping signals are separated by a separation algorithm and used for diffusion computation. Numerical simulation, phantom, and in vivo rat experiments were performed to verify the efficiency, accuracy, and motion tolerance of DM-OLED.
Results
The DM-OLED sequence could obtain reliable diffusion maps within milliseconds in numerical simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments. Compared with conventional diffusion mapping with spin-echo echo-planar imaging, DM-OLED has higher time resolution and fewer motion-incurred errors in the apparent diffusion coefficient maps.
Conclusions
As a reliable fast diffusion measurement tool, DM-OLED shows promise for real-time dynamic diffusion mapping and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 80:200–210, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.
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| mrm27023-sup-0001-suppinfo01.doc8.6 MB |
Table S1. Parameters Used in the Simulations of Phantom Fig. S1. The ADC results of the numerical simulation at 9.4 T. a: Original DM-OLED image. b: Original DM-OLED k-space data. The signal intensity is shown after logarithm transformation and normalization. c: Reference ADC map. d: The DM-OLED ADC map. e, f: Expanded views with 90° rotation of the region outlined by the red rectangle in (c) of (c) and (d), respectively. g: The ADC values from different ROIs denoted in (c) and (e). Resolution = 0.47 × 0.47 mm2; acquisition matrix = 128 × 128; δ = 22.56 ms; δ1 = 2 ms; SW = 250 kHz; b = 866 s mm−2. The model parameters for ROI1 to ROI8 are given in Table 1. The model parameters are intentionally taken to change abruptly on edges of different ROIs. Appearance of abrupt ADC deviations at the edges between ROIs in the reconstructed ADC map ((d) and (f)) confirms the speculation that conspicuous deviations appearing on the border between tubes and solutions in the phantom experiments is probably caused by abrupt changes of m0. Fig. S2. The SE-EPI images of rat brain with b = 0 and b = 660 s mm−2 for the time series. Thickness = 2 mm; resolution = 0.26 × 0.39 mm2; TR = 3000 ms; acquisition matrix = 96 × 64; SW = 200 kHz; diffusion direction is [1, 1, 1]; b = 660/0 s mm−2; Δ = 7.0 ms; δd = 3.0 ms; and TE = 45 ms. Obvious location and shape differences between the corresponding diffusion-weighted images are marked by red arrows. Fig. S3. The separated images of rat brain with different diffusion weighting (b = 0 and b = 660 s mm−2) from the DM-OLED method. Thickness = 2 mm; resolution = 0.26 ' 0.39 mm2; TR = 3000 ms; acquisition matrix = 96 × 64; SW = 200 kHz; diffusion direction is [1, 1, 1]; b = 660 s mm−2; Δ = 7.0 ms; δd = 3.0 ms; δ = 11.35 ms; δ1 = 4.56 ms. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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