Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Volume 67, Issue 7 e70308

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A Multifunctional Filter Based on Dumbbell-Shaped DGS

Guide Zhu,

Corresponding Author

Guide Zhu

[email protected]

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Correspondence: Guide Zhu ([email protected])

Search for more papers by this author

Xin Luo,

Xin Luo

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Li Luo,

Li Luo

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Nanfeng Liu,

Nanfeng Liu

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Chenyan Tian,

Chenyan Tian

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Yu Zhu,

Yu Zhu

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Guide Zhu,

Corresponding Author

Guide Zhu

[email protected]

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Correspondence: Guide Zhu ([email protected])

Search for more papers by this author

Xin Luo,

Xin Luo

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Li Luo,

Li Luo

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Nanfeng Liu,

Nanfeng Liu

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Chenyan Tian,

Chenyan Tian

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

Yu Zhu,

Yu Zhu

Key Laboratory of Antenna and Millimeter Wave, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu, China

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 22 July 2025

https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70308

Share a link

Email
Wechat
Bluesky

ABSTRACT

To meet the needs of modern wireless communication systems for high-efficiency filters. A multifunctional filter (MFF) is presented using defected ground structures (DGSs) combined with top-layer coupled microstrip lines in this study. The MFF mainly consists of a step impedance resonator and parallel coupled microstrip lines, and dumbbell-shaped DGS is used in several parts to enhance the coupling strength of the coupled microstrip lines and generate transmission poles. In addition, six pin diodes are used as microwave switches to selectively connect the filter to open-circuit loaded stubs (OCLSs) or short-circuit loaded stubs (SCLSs), ultimately achieving five different operating modes (an ultra-wideband bandpass filter with a passband center frequency of 8 GHz and a bandwidth of 2.6 GHz; a bandpass filter with a passband center frequency of 5.3 GHz and a bandwidth of 1.3 GHz; an ultra-wideband filter with a single notch; an ultra-wideband filter with a dual-notch; an all-stop filter). Due to the characteristics of DGS, the MFF has a compact size of 0.28 ${\lambda }_{g}^{2}$ and a good out-of-band suppression level of up to 10 GHz.

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Supporting Information

References

1H. Yu, Y. Wu, Y. Yang, and W. Wang, “IPD Millimeter-Wave Bandpass Filter Chip Based on Stepped-Impedance Coupled-Line Dual-Mode Resonator for 5G Application,” IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 69, no. 12 (2022): 4744–4748.
10.1109/TCSII.2022.3192402
Web of Science® Google Scholar
2L. Nouri, L. Nkenyereye, M. A. Hafez, F. Hazzazi, M. A. Chaudhary, and M. Assaad, “A Simplified and Efficient Approach for Designing Microstrip Bandpass Filters: Applications in Satellite and 5G Communications,” AEU - Int J Electron Commun 177 (2024): 155189.
10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155189
Web of Science® Google Scholar
3M. Xu, Y. Cao, Y. Cao, Y. Qi, B. Yuan, and G. Wang, “Miniaturized IPD Bandpass Filter Design With High Out-of-Band Rejection for 5G Applications,” Microw Opt Technol Lett 66, no. 1 (2024): e34030.
10.1002/mop.34030
Web of Science® Google Scholar
4L.-J. Xu, L. Xu, Q. Liu, B. Li, L. Zhu, and F. Huang, “Three-Dimensional-Printed Wideband Filtering Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2, no. 1 (2024): 968–973.
10.1109/TAP.2023.3327821
Google Scholar
5Q. Zhang, C. Jiang, G. Yang, R. Han, and F. Liu, “Block-Oriented Recurrent Neural Network for Digital Predistortion of RF Power Amplifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 72, no. 7 (2023): 3875–3885.
10.1109/TMTT.2023.3337939
Web of Science® Google Scholar
6Q. Liu, D.-W. Zhang, K. Gong, H. Qian, W.-Z. Qu, and N. An, “Single- and Dual-Band Bandpass Filters Based on Multiple-Mode Folded Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Cavities,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 71, no. 12 (2023): 5335–5345.
10.1109/TMTT.2023.3276058
Web of Science® Google Scholar
7D. Li, W. Luo, X. Chen, Y. Liu, K.-D. Xu, and Q. Chen, “Miniaturized Dual-/Tri-/Quad-Band Bandpass Filters Using Perturbed Multimode SIW Cavity,” IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 13, no. 10 (2023): 1685–1693.
10.1109/TCPMT.2023.3311439
Web of Science® Google Scholar
8C.-W. Tang and J.-M. Jiang, “Design of the Microstrip Bandpass Filter With 4 Band-Switching Modes,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part II 70, no. 6 (2023): 1926–1930.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
9D. Li and K.-D. Xu, “Multifunctional Switchable Filter Using Coupled-Line Structure,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters 31, no. 5 (2021): 457–460.
10.1109/LMWC.2021.3067893
Web of Science® Google Scholar
10X. Deng, G. Dong, and K. Xu, “Compact Switchable Filter With Three State Modes Using Simple Microstrip Structure,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64, no. 7 (2022): 1162–1169.
10.1002/mop.33253
Web of Science® Google Scholar
11S. Hu, M. Hua, and B. Zhou, “Compact LTCC Filter With Wide Stopband for 5G Applications,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 65, no. 9 (2023): 2494–2499.
10.1002/mop.33735
Web of Science® Google Scholar
12K. Qian and M. Tian, “A Compact LTCC Semi-Lumped Highpass Filter With Vialess Structure,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 63, no. 3 (2023): 742–745.
10.1002/mop.32697
Google Scholar
13A. Zhang, J. Xu, and Z. Liu, “An X-Band Centrosymmetric Microstrip Bandpass Filter With Reflectionless Range over 3.9–18. 6 GHz and Stopband Up to 40 GHz,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64, no. 1 (2022): 10–15.
10.1002/mop.33027
Web of Science® Google Scholar
14Y. Rao, H. J. Qian, B. Yang, R. Gomez-Garcia, and X. Luo, “Dual-Band Bandpass Filter and Filtering Power Divider With Ultra-Wide Upper Stopband Using Hybrid Microstrip/DGS Dual-Resonance Cells,” IEEE Access 8 (2020): 23624–23637.
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2970209
Web of Science® Google Scholar
15S. O. Coumar, “Miniaturized DGS Based Multi-Band Pass Filters for Satellite Applications,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 13, no. 1 (2022): 241–249.
10.1007/s12652-021-02898-3
Web of Science® Google Scholar
16M. Sazid, N. S. Raghava, and A. N. Ghazali, “UWB-BPF Based on Broadside Coupled Technology With Triple-Notched Passband,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 65, no. 7 (2023): 1910–1916.
10.1002/mop.33651
Web of Science® Google Scholar
17T. R. Jones and M. Daneshmand, “Miniaturized Folded Ridged Quarter-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide RF MEMS Tunable Bandpass Filter,” IEEE Access 8 (2020): 115837–115847.
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3004116
Web of Science® Google Scholar
18M. Donelli, M. Manekiya, G. Tagliapietra, and J. Iannacci, “A Reconfigurable Pseudohairpin Filter Based on MEMS Switches,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 22, no. 24 (2022): 9644.
10.3390/s22249644
PubMed Google Scholar
19Y. Liu, L. Liu, C. Liang, and I. Majid, “Compact Planar Tunable Filter With Constant Absolute Bandwidth and Wide-Frequency Tuning Range Using DGS Coupling Structure,” IEEE Access 9 (2021): 157259–157266.
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3124218
Web of Science® Google Scholar
20J.-R. Mao, W.-W. Choi, K.-W. Tam, W. Q. Che, and Q. Xue, “Tunable Bandpass Filter Design Based on External Quality Factor Tuning and Multiple Mode Resonators for Wideband Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, no. 7 (2013): 2574–2584.
10.1109/TMTT.2013.2264684
Web of Science® Google Scholar
21H. Yang, D. Zhang, X. Wang, D. Lv, Y. Zhang, and D. Zhou, “Tunable Balanced Bandpass Filter With Wide Frequency-Tuning Range and High Selectivity,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64, no. 5 (2022): 890–895.
10.1002/mop.33210
Web of Science® Google Scholar
22E. G. Ouf, E. A. Abdallah, A. S. Mohra, and H. M. S. El-Hennawy, “Electronically Switchable Ultra-Wide Band/Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Using Defected Ground Structures,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 91 (2019): 83–96.
10.2528/PIERC19010702
Google Scholar
23A. Bandyopadhyay, P. Sarkar, T. Mondal, and R. Ghatak, “A Dual Function Reconfigurable Bandpass Filter for Wideband and Tri-Band Operations,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 68, no. 6 (2020): 1892–1896.
Google Scholar
24S. Arain, P. Vryonides, A. Quddious, and S. Nikolaou, “Reconfigurable BPF With Constant Center Frequency and Wide Tuning Range of Bandwidth,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 8 (2019): 1374–1378.
Google Scholar
25R. Xu, W. Tang, J. Wang, and L. Zhao, “A Compact Bandpass Filter With Active Switchable Passband Status,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal 38, no. 9 (2023): 746–750.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
26X. Zhou, G. Zhang, J. Zheng, W. Tang, and J. Yang, “SIW Filter With Adjustable Number of Passbands Using Assembled Multimode Resonant PCBs,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 69, no. 8 (2022): 3386–3389.
10.1109/TCSII.2022.3157713
Web of Science® Google Scholar

Volume67, Issue7

July 2025

e70308

A Multifunctional Filter Based on Dumbbell-Shaped DGS

ABSTRACT

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

Supporting Information

References

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

A Multifunctional Filter Based on Dumbbell-Shaped DGS

ABSTRACT

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

Supporting Information

References

References

Related

Information