Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Design of a Quad-Band Antenna for Smartwatches With Optimized GPS, LTE, and Wi-Fi Band Support and Reduced Wrist Effects

Sami Ullah Khan

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Muhummad Sulaiman Majeed,

Muhummad Sulaiman Majeed

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Sadiq Ullah,

Corresponding Author

Sadiq Ullah

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-1577

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Correspondence: Sadiq Ullah ([email protected])

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Hidayat Ullah,

Hidayat Ullah

Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Risalpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Usman Ali,

Usman Ali

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Sajjad Rahim,

Sajjad Rahim

Huaqin Technology Co Ltd Shanghai, Shanghai, China

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Sami Ullah Khan,

Sami Ullah Khan

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Muhummad Sulaiman Majeed,

Muhummad Sulaiman Majeed

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Sadiq Ullah,

Corresponding Author

Sadiq Ullah

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-1577

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Correspondence: Sadiq Ullah ([email protected])

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Hidayat Ullah,

Hidayat Ullah

Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Risalpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Usman Ali,

Usman Ali

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Sajjad Rahim,

Sajjad Rahim

Huaqin Technology Co Ltd Shanghai, Shanghai, China

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First published: 05 June 2025

https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70247

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ABSTRACT

This paper presents a quad-band antenna for smartwatches, covering GPS, LTE, and Wi-Fi bands while minimizing wrist effects. It is a single-layer structure with a patch and ground plane printed on an FR-4 substrate. The antenna has a compact size of $(0.172{\lambda }_{o}\times 0.172{\lambda }_{o}\times 0.006{\lambda }_{o})$ mm³. It achieves 66% efficiency and −0.45 dBi gain in the GPS band, 2.74 dBi gain and 46% efficiency at 2.6 GHz, 2.76 dBi gain and 73% efficiency at 3.5 GHz in the LTE bands, and 67% efficiency and 2.46 dBi gain in the Wi-Fi band. The antenna exhibit −6 dB impedance bandwidths of 70, 561, 497, and 397 MHz for the GPS, LTE, and Wi-Fi bands, respectively. It maintains high efficiency, adequate gain and low SAR when mounted on a human wrist, making it a promising candidate for modern smartwatches.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Volume67, Issue6

June 2025

e70247

Design of a Quad-Band Antenna for Smartwatches With Optimized GPS, LTE, and Wi-Fi Band Support and Reduced Wrist Effects

ABSTRACT

Conflicts of Interest

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

References

References

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Design of a Quad-Band Antenna for Smartwatches With Optimized GPS, LTE, and Wi-Fi Band Support and Reduced Wrist Effects

ABSTRACT

Conflicts of Interest

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

References

References

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