Conservative Agriculture Based on Irrigation Increased the Connections in Inter-Kingdom Co-Occurrence Networks in Arid Zones of Argentina
Corresponding Author
Juan Pablo Frene
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Correspondence: Juan Pablo Frene ([email protected]) | Luis Gabriel Wall ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorValeria Faggioli
INTA Marcos Juárez Agricultural Experiment Station, Marcos Juárez, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorJulieta Covelli
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorDalila Reyna
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorPatricio Sobrero
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorLuciano Gabbarini
Biotechnological Application Nano Systems Laboratory, National University of Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlejandro Ferrari
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Luis Gabriel Wall
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Correspondence: Juan Pablo Frene ([email protected]) | Luis Gabriel Wall ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Juan Pablo Frene
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Correspondence: Juan Pablo Frene ([email protected]) | Luis Gabriel Wall ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorValeria Faggioli
INTA Marcos Juárez Agricultural Experiment Station, Marcos Juárez, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorJulieta Covelli
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorDalila Reyna
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorPatricio Sobrero
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorLuciano Gabbarini
Biotechnological Application Nano Systems Laboratory, National University of Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlejandro Ferrari
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Luis Gabriel Wall
Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Soil Biochemistry and Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
Correspondence: Juan Pablo Frene ([email protected]) | Luis Gabriel Wall ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorAcademic Editor: Daniele Antichi
Funding: This work was supported by grants PUNQ EXPTE 1306/19 (Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina) and project PICT 2803/17 of the Argentinean National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT). The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
ABSTRACT
Background
Water is one of the most important natural resources in agricultural systems, and the adoption of irrigation systems is producing the expansion of the productive agriculture frontier in Northern Patagonia's arid zone (Argentina). It is critical to evaluate how agricultural management shapes this soil process, like soil microbial communities, nutrient transformation, and ecosystem functions.
Aims
For this reason, we analyzed how converting from a semi-arid steppe to an irrigated agricultural system based on no-till and crop rotations impacted the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi), focusing on the soil core microbiome and the connections between the soil members.
Methods
Soil microbiota was analyzed by soil DNA amplicon sequences V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS1–5F region of the ITS rRNA for fungi. Soil enzymes, aggregation, and chemical properties were analyzed related to microbiota structure.
Results
Our results suggest that irrigated agriculture enhanced the connections between members but not the number of network members per se. Additionally, we were able to identify a soil core microbiome, which played an important role in the co-occurrence networks.
Conclusions
We concluded by demonstrating the critical role that the core microbiome plays in preserving soil bacterial–fungal interactions and their influence on inter-kingdom relationships in complex microbial soil ecosystems in the arid zones of northern Patagonia.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SAMN23482046.
Supporting Information
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