Changes in Clay Mineral Composition and Soil Potassium Pools Under 50 Years of Soybean–Wheat Cropping in an Alfisol
Harshit Aman
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Amlan Kumar Ghosh
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorDibyajyoti Panda
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorChandni Pradhan
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrabhakar Mahapatra
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorRanjan Paul
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Search for more papers by this authorGopal Tiwari
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Search for more papers by this authorHarshit Aman
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Amlan Kumar Ghosh
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorDibyajyoti Panda
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorChandni Pradhan
Soil Technology and Carbon Sequestration Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrabhakar Mahapatra
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Search for more papers by this authorRanjan Paul
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Search for more papers by this authorGopal Tiwari
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Search for more papers by this authorAcademic editor: Mark Wuddivira.
Funding: This research was supported by the IoE grant of the Banaras Hindu University of 2022–23 (46736).
ABSTRACT
Background
Potassium fertilizers are imported in India, and hence, potassium fertilization is a costly input. Resource poor cultivators variably use potassium fertilization for crop production which disturbs potassium dynamics in soil impacting soil health.
Aim
A long-term negative potassium balance in the cropping system can result in the release of potassium from the non-exchangeable pool, ultimately resulting in changes in clay mineralogy, amounting to chemical degradation of soil.
Method
Soils from a long-term soybean–wheat cropping system receiving variable amounts of potassium fertilizers, which was in the 50th cropping cycle, were used to investigate the potassium pools and clay mineralogy.
Result
There was considerable reduction in yield both in control (78.7%) and 100% NP treatments (15.95%). The negative K balance followed the order 100% NP > 100% NPK > 50% NPK > 150% NPK. To meet the potassium requirement and negative potassium balances, potassium was being released from interlayers resulting in the annual loss of non-exchangeable K up to 2.42, 1.06, 0.74, and 1.34 kg ha−1 year−1 under 100% NP, Control, 50% NPK, and 100% NPK, respectively. The 100% NP treatment showed the smallest intensity of illite followed by 100% NPK, 50% NPK, Control, and 150% NPK. The illite intensity was reduced by 41.6%, 11.7%, 8.49%, and 1.6% in the 100% NP, 100% NPK, 50% NPK, and Control treatments, respectively, compared to 150% NPK.
Conclusion
The correlation studies revealed a positive association between negative balance, non-exchangeable K, and illite, supporting the hypothesis that a reduction in non-exchangeable K under negative K balances results in alterations in the clay mineralogical composition.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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