Effect of demineralized bone matrix on polymorphonuclear leukocyte degranulation
Ashay A. Kale
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Clancy
Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Center, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorMichael P. Leslie
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Paul E. Di Cesare
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Musculoskeletal Research Center. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorAshay A. Kale
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Clancy
Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Center, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorMichael P. Leslie
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Paul E. Di Cesare
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Musculoskeletal Research Center. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The potential use of allogenic demineralized bone matrix to augment or treat bone defects or nonunios in animals and humans is currently being investigated. Demineralized bone matrix induces osteogenesis by a multistep cascade of endochondral ossification that is mediated by bone-induction factors. The migration and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes appear to be critical in the initiation of the cascade of osteogenesis induced by demineralized bone matrix. This study examined the effects of demineralized bone matrix on the degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Demineralized bone matrix stimulated the release of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-specific, but not azurophilic, granules in a time and dose-dependent manner. The ability of the bone matrix to induce this degranulation was independent of its size and species. The mechanism by which this degranulation occurs is not completely understood; however, it is known that it does not occur by means of a receptor that requires guanidine triphosphate-dependent regulatory proteins as does polymorphonuclear leukocyte degranulation induced by N-formyl peptide. The factor that stimulates degranulation is not type-I collagen but rather appears to be a cytokine that has a heparin-binding domain and a molar mass of 10-70 kDa. Loss of the ability of demineralized bone matrix to induce degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes correlated positively with the loss of its ability to induce bone formation.
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