Volume 54, Issue 4 pp. 1326-1336

Original Research

Quantity and Morphology of Perivascular Spaces: Associations With Vascular Risk Factors and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Shuyue Wang PhD,

Shuyue Wang PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Peiyu Huang PhD,

Corresponding Author

Peiyu Huang PhD

[email protected]

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Address reprint requests to: M.Z., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected], or P. H., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected].

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Ruiting Zhang PhD,

Ruiting Zhang PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Hui Hong MD,

Hui Hong MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Yeerfan Jiaerken PhD,

Yeerfan Jiaerken PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Chunfeng Lian PhD,

Chunfeng Lian PhD

Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Xi'an, China

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Xinfeng Yu PhD,

Xinfeng Yu PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Xiao Luo PhD,

Xiao Luo PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Kaicheng Li PhD,

Kaicheng Li PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Qingze Zeng PhD,

Qingze Zeng PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Xiaopei Xu PhD,

Xiaopei Xu PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Wenke Yu MD,

Wenke Yu MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Xiao Wu MD,

Xiao Wu MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Minming Zhang MD, PhD,

Corresponding Author

Minming Zhang MD, PhD

[email protected]

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Address reprint requests to: M.Z., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected], or P. H., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected].

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Shuyue Wang PhD,

Shuyue Wang PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Peiyu Huang PhD,

Corresponding Author

Peiyu Huang PhD

[email protected]

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Address reprint requests to: M.Z., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected], or P. H., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected].

Search for more papers by this author

Ruiting Zhang PhD,

Ruiting Zhang PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Hui Hong MD,

Hui Hong MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Yeerfan Jiaerken PhD,

Yeerfan Jiaerken PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Chunfeng Lian PhD,

Chunfeng Lian PhD

Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Xi'an, China

Search for more papers by this author

Xinfeng Yu PhD,

Xinfeng Yu PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Xiao Luo PhD,

Xiao Luo PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Kaicheng Li PhD,

Kaicheng Li PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Qingze Zeng PhD,

Qingze Zeng PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Xiaopei Xu PhD,

Xiaopei Xu PhD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Wenke Yu MD,

Wenke Yu MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Xiao Wu MD,

Xiao Wu MD

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Search for more papers by this author

Minming Zhang MD, PhD,

Corresponding Author

Minming Zhang MD, PhD

[email protected]

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Address reprint requests to: M.Z., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected], or P. H., No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: [email protected].

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First published: 17 May 2021

https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27702

Citations: 11

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Abstract

Background

Perivascular spaces (PVSs) are important component of the brain glymphatic system. While visual rating has been widely used to assess PVS, computational measures may have higher sensitivity for capturing PVS characteristics under disease conditions.

Purpose

To compute quantitative and morphological PVS features and to assess their associations with vascular risk factors and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

One hundred sixty-one middle-aged/later middle-aged subjects (age = 60.4 ± 7.3).

Sequence

3D T1-weighted, T2-weighted and T2-FLAIR sequences, and susceptibility-weighted multiecho gradient-echo sequence on a 3 T scanner.

Assessment

Automated PVS segmentation was performed on sub-millimeter T2-weighted images. Quantitative and morphological PVS features were calculated in white matter (WM) and basal ganglia (BG) regions, including volume, count, size, length (L_maj), width (L_min), and linearity. Visual PVS scores were also acquired for comparison.

Statistical Tests

Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the associations among variables.

Results

WM-PVS visual score and count were associated with hypertension (β = 0.161, P < 0.05; β = 0.193, P < 0.05), as were BG-PVS rating score, volume, count and L_min (β = 0.197, P < 0.05; β = 0.170, P < 0.05; β = 0.200, P < 0.05; β = 0.172, P < 0.05). WM-PVS size was associated with diabetes (β = 0.165, P < 0.05). WM-PVS and BG-PVS were associated with CSVD markers, especially white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that WM/BG-PVS quantitative measures were widely associated with vascular risk factors and CSVD markers (P < 0.05). Morphological measures were associated with WMH severity in WM region and also associated with lacunes and microbleeds (P < 0.05) in BG region.

Data Conclusion

These novel PVS measures may capture mild PVS alterations driven by different pathologies.

Evidence Level

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2

Conflict of Interest

The author(s) declared no conflict of interest.

Supporting Information

References

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Citing Literature

Volume54, Issue4

October 2021

Pages 1326-1336

Quantity and Morphology of Perivascular Spaces: Associations With Vascular Risk Factors and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Study Type

Population

Sequence

Assessment

Statistical Tests

Results

Data Conclusion

Evidence Level

Technical Efficacy

Conflict of Interest

Supporting Information

References

Citing Literature

References

Information

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Quantity and Morphology of Perivascular Spaces: Associations With Vascular Risk Factors and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Abstract

Background

Purpose

Study Type

Population

Sequence

Assessment

Statistical Tests

Results

Data Conclusion

Evidence Level

Technical Efficacy

Conflict of Interest

Supporting Information

References

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information