Review
High-speed atomic force microscopy for observing dynamic biomolecular processes
Toshio Ando,
Takayuki Uchihashi,
Noriyuki Kodera,
Daisuke Yamamoto,
Masaaki Taniguchi,
Atsushi Miyagi,
Hayato Yamashita,
Corresponding Author
Toshio Ando
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorTakayuki Uchihashi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNoriyuki Kodera
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDaisuke Yamamoto
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasaaki Taniguchi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAtsushi Miyagi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHayato Yamashita
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorToshio Ando,
Takayuki Uchihashi,
Noriyuki Kodera,
Daisuke Yamamoto,
Masaaki Taniguchi,
Atsushi Miyagi,
Hayato Yamashita,
Corresponding Author
Toshio Ando
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorTakayuki Uchihashi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNoriyuki Kodera
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorDaisuke Yamamoto
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
CREST, JST, Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorMasaaki Taniguchi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAtsushi Miyagi
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorHayato Yamashita
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) is unique in its capability to capture high-resolution images of biological samples in liquids. This capability will become more valuable to biological sciences if AFM additionally acquires an ability of high-speed imaging, because ‘direct and real-time visualization’ is a straightforward and powerful means to understand biomolecular processes. With conventional AFMs, it takes more than a minute to capture an image, while biomolecular processes generally occur on a millisecond timescale or less. In order to fill this large gap, various efforts have been carried out in the past decade. Here, we review these past efforts, describe the current state of the capability and limitations of high-speed AFM, and discuss possibilities that may break the limitations and lead to the development of a truly useful high-speed AFM for biological sciences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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