Ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical performance in the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts and mandibular abnormalities
Corresponding Author
Gabriele Tonni
Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Correspondence
Gabriele Tonni, Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, and Researcher, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAlberto Borges Peixoto
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorHeron Werner
Department of Fetal Medicine, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI - DASA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGianpaolo Grisolia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carlo Poma Hospital, ASST Mantova, Mantova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorRodrigo Ruano
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UH Jackson Fetal Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco Sepulveda
FETALMED–Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorWaldo Sepulveda
FETALMED–Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorEdward Araujo Júnior
Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gabriele Tonni
Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Correspondence
Gabriele Tonni, Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, and Researcher, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAlberto Borges Peixoto
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorHeron Werner
Department of Fetal Medicine, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI - DASA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGianpaolo Grisolia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carlo Poma Hospital, ASST Mantova, Mantova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorRodrigo Ruano
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UH Jackson Fetal Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco Sepulveda
FETALMED–Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorWaldo Sepulveda
FETALMED–Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorEdward Araujo Júnior
Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and the second most common birth defect worldwide. Micrognathia is a rare facial malformation characterized by small, underdeveloped mandible and frequently associated with retrognathia. Second- and third-trimester prenatal ultrasound is the standard modality for screening and identification of fetal orofacial abnormalities, with a detection rate in the low-risk population ranging from 0% to 73% for all types of cleft. The prenatal ultrasonography detection can also be performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Given the potential limitations of obstetric ultrasound for examining the fetal face, such as suboptimal fetal position, shadowing from the surrounding bones, reduce amniotic fluid around the face, interposition of fetal limbs, umbilical cord and placenta, and maternal habitus/abdominal scars, the use of adjunct imaging modalities can enhance prenatal diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies in at-risk pregnancies. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potentially useful second-line investigation for the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial malformations with a pooled sensitivity of 97%. In this review, we discuss the role of ultrasound and fetal MRI in the prenatal assessment of abnormalities of the upper lip, palate, and mandible.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during this review.
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